Myers Briggs Type indicator

Developed by Isabel Myers and Kathleen Briggs Non clinical and very useful in organizational setting 100 simple questions

Self-Report Instrument Nonjudgmental Preference indicator Built for normal population Based on Jungs theory of personality

Extravert
Outwardly directed Breadth Expressive Speak to think Publicly disclosing

Introvert
Inwardly directed Reflection Depth Contained Think to speak Publicly guarded Reserved

Sensing
Present Focus

iNtuition
Future Focus

Here and Now

Accuracy

Possibilities
Insights

Detail
Sequential

Patterns
Random

5 Senses

6th Sense

Thinking
Problem first; people second Objective Logic Analyze Clarity Convince Head

Feeling
People first; problem second Subjective Empathy Personalize Harmony Persuade Heart

Perceiving

Judging

Go with the flow Options open-ended

Structure Closure Ordered

Tentative
Flexible Non-directive Facilitate

Decisive
Scheduled Directive Control

Adapt

ISTJ
Doing what Should be done MOST RESPONSIBLE

ISFJ
A high sense Of duty MOST LOYAL

INFJ
An inspiration To others MOST CONTEMPLATIVE

INTJ
Everything has Room for improvement MOST INDEPENDENT

ISTP
Ready to try Anything once MOST PRAGMATIC

ISFP
Sees much but Shares little MOST ARTISTIC

INFP
Performing noble service to aid society MOST IDEALISTIC

INTP
A love of problem solving MOST CONCEPTUAL

ESTP
The ultimate Realist MOST SPONTANEOUS

ESFP
You only go Around once In life MOST GENEROUS

ENFP
Giving life an Extra squeeze MOST OPTIMISTIC

ENTP
One exciting challenge after another MOST INVENTIVE

ESTJ
Lifes Administrators MOST HARD CHARGING

ESFJ
Host and Hostesses of the world MOST HARMONIZING

ENFJ
Smooth talking Persuader MOST PERSUASIVE

ENTJ
Life natural Leaders MOST COMMANDING

Occupational Trends of 16 Types

ISTJ Management, Administration Law enforcement , Accounting Or any other occupations where they can use their experiences and attention to detail to get the task done ISTP Skilled trades, technical fields, agriculture, law enforcement, Military Or any other occupations where they can use their hands-on, analytical work with data or things ISFJ Education, Health Care, Religious settings Or any other occupations where they can draw on their base experience to personally help people in a behind-thescenes manner ISFP Health care, Business, Law Enforcement Or any other occupations where they can use their gentle, service-related attentiveness to detail

Occupational Trends of 16 Types

INFJ Religion, counseling, teaching, arts Or any other occupations where they can facilitate emotional, intellectual, or spiritual development INTJ Scientific or technical fields, computers, law Or any other occupations where they can use their intellectual creativity and technical knowledge to conceptualize, analyze, and get the task done. INTP Scientific or Technical Fields Or any other occupations where they can use their solitary, objective analysis of problems based on their technical expertise

INFP Counseling, Writing, Arts Or any other occupations where they can use their creativity and focus on their values

Occupational Trends of 16 Types

ESTP Marketing, skilled trades, Business, Law enforcement, Applied Technology Or any other occupations where they can use their action-oriented focus to attend to the necessary details ESTJ Management, Administration, Law Enforcement Or any other occupations where they can use logic and organization of the facts to get the task done ESFP Health care, Teaching, Coaching, Childcare worker, Skilled Trades Or any other occupations where they can use their outgoing nature and enthusiasm to help people with their practical needs ESFJ Education, Health Care, Religion Or any other occupations where they can use their personal concern to provide services to others

Occupational Trends of 16 Types

ENFP Counseling, Teaching, Religion, Arts Or any other occupations where they can use creativity and communication to foster the growth of others ENTP Science, Management, Technology, Arts Or any other occupations where they have the opportunity to take on new challenges continually

ENFJ Religions, Arts, Teaching Or any other occupations where they can help others with their emotional, intellectual, and spiritual growth

ENTJ Management, Leadership Or any other occupations where they can use tough-minded analysis, strategic planning, and organization to get the task done

Cognitive Dissonance theory

Developed by Leo Festinger According to this theory we experience the motivation to reduce cognitive dissonance (An unpleasant state that results when we notice inconsistency between two or more of our attitudes or between our attitudes and behaviors)

 To reduce dissonance individual may be engaged in one of the following mechanism Changing one of the attitude (or behavior) so that these are more consistent with each other Acquiring new information that supports attitudes or behaviors

 Trivialization: concluding that the attitudes or behaviors are not important While choosing these mechanisms we choose one that requires the least effort. We use trivialization only when changing attitude is relatively difficul

Personality attributes and workplace behavior

Locus of control: Concept developed by Julian Rotter in the 1950 Locus of Control is the degree to which people believe they are masters of their own fate May be internal or external

 Any stimulus that helps us recall information in long-term memory

 External Locus of Control: Individual believes that

his/her behavior is guided by fate, luck, or other external circumstances Internal Locus of Control: Individual believes that his/her behavior is guided by his/her personal decisions and efforts Males tend to be more internal than females

 individuals who have high scores in externality are less satisfied with their jobs, have higher absenteeism rates, are more alienated from the work setting, and are less involved on their jobs than are internals

Machiavellianism
Mach is named after Niccolo Machiavelli, who wrote in the sixteenth century on how to gain and use power high in Machiavellianism is practical, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means

 degree to which a person behaves to gain power and control the behavior of others High Machs manipulate more, win more, are persuaded less, and persuade others more than do low Mach Conditions Favoring High Mach
Direct interaction Minimal rules and regulations Emotions distract for others

Self esteem
Self-esteem refers to the way we see and think about ourselves degree to which they like or dislike themselves People with high self esteem are more likely to take risks and act proactively than those with low self esteem People with high self esteem: more satisfied

Self monitoring
refers to an individual's ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors in self-monitoring show considerable adaptability in adjusting their behavior to external situational factors highly sensitive to external cues and can behave differently in different situations

 capable of presenting striking contradictions between their public persona and their private self

Type A personality
People with Type A personality show high levels of competitiveness, time urgency, and hostility

Type A
Are always moving, walking, and eating rapidly; Feel impatient with the rate at which events take place Strive to think or do two or more things at once; cannot cope with leisure time; Are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in terms of how may or how much of everything they acquire.

Type B
Never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its accompanying impatience; Feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements or accomplishments unless such exposure is demanded by the situation; Play for fun and relaxation rather than to exhibit their superiority at any cost; Can relax without guilt

Risk taking
tendency among human decision makers to take chance or possibility of danger, loss, injury, etc. Individuals differ in the level of risks they take Level of risk taking influences work behavior

Risk-Taking
High Risk-taking Managers
Make quicker decisions Use less information to make decisions

Low Risk-taking Managers

Are slower to make decisions Require more information before making decisions Exist in larger organizations with stable environments

The Sixteen Types

ISTJ
Inspector
James brother of Jesus Ignatius of Loyola HARRY TRUMAN

ISFJ
Protector
GEORGE BUSH SR.

INFJ
Counselor
King Solomon St. Augustine? GANDHI

INTJ
Mastermind
Apostle John? Apostle Paul EISENHOWER

ISTP
Crafter
PATTON

ISFP
Composer
St. Francis of Assisi King David? JACKY ONASSIS

INFP
Healer
Gospel writer Luke PRINCESS DIANA

INTP
Architect
Thomas Aquinas Apostle John? EINSTEIN

ESTP
Promoter
JOHN KENNEDY

ESFP
Performer
Apostle Peter Apostle John Mark ELVIS

ENFP
Champion
Barnabas? ELEANOR ROOSEVELT

ENTP
Inventor
TED TURNER

ESTJ
Supervisor
Apostle Matthew COLIN POWELL

ESFJ
Provider
WASHINGTON GEORGE BUSH JR.

ENFJ
Teacher
Apollos? GORBACHEV

ENTJ
Field Marshal
Martin Luther? MACARTHUR