SELECTION

OF
CIRCUIT
BREAKERS
CB SWITCHING CAPABILITIES
CKT.
CONDITION
MAKE CARRY BREAK
NORMAL
OPERATION
OVERLOAD
SHORT-CIRCUIT
- - -
- - -
- - -

- : LIMITED CAPABILITY
CB TYPES
OAIR CIRCUIT BREAKER (A.C.B.)
OMOULDED CASE CIRCUIT
BREAKER (M.C.C.B.)
OMOTOR PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT
BREAKER (M.P.C.B.)
OMINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER
(M.C.B.)
ACB MAIN APPLICATION
AREA
AS A SWITCHING & PROTECTION DEVICE FOR
POWER DISTRIBUTION (AS INCOMER, BUSCOUPLER
& O/G FEEDER)
- FOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
- FOR BUSBAR/CABLE PROTECTION
SWITCHING & PROTECTION OF MOTORS
SWITCHING & PROTECTION OF LIGHTING LOADS
SWITCHING & PROTECTION OF HEATING LOADS
SWITCHING & PROTECTION OF CAPACITORS
WHY ACB ?
WIDE RANGE : 400 A TO 6400 A
HIGH MAKING & BREAKING CAPACITIES
HIGH SHORT TIME WITHSTAND CURRENT
RATING
DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN VARIOUS
LEVELS
VARIOUS TYPES OF OVERCURRENT
RELEASES
WHY ACB ?
OVERCURRENT RELEASES ARE FIELD
ADJUSTABLE OVER WIDE RANGE
VARIOUS ACCESSORIES
- U/V, SHUNT OR E/F RELEASE
- LOCKS & INTERLOCKS
- ELECTRICAL INDICATIONS
DESIGNED FOR ACCESSIBLE MAINTENANCE
& REPAIR
SELECTION OF ACB
PARAMETERS
TYPE
RATED CURRENT, I
n

RATED VOLTAGE, U
e

RATED S/C BREAKING CAPACITY, I
cu
& I
cs

(ULTIMATE & SERVICE S/C BREAKING
CAPACITY)
RATED S/C MAKING CAPACITY, I
cm

RATED SHORT TIME WITHSTAND CURRENT, I
cw

UTILIZATION CATEGORY
DISCRIMINATION
SELECTION OF ACB
PARAMETERS
TYPE OF OVERCURRENT RELEASES
O/L & S/C SETTINGS
ACCESSORIES
- U/V, SHUNT, E/F RELEASE
- LOCKS & INTERLOCKS
- ELECTRICAL INDICATIONS
OPERATIONAL LIFE
EASE OF MAINTENANCE
AVAILABILITY OF SPARES
CONTROL VOLTAGE
VOLUME/WEIGHT

SELECTION PARAMETERS
TYPE
TYPE OF ACB
MANUALLY
OPERATED
ELECTRICALLY
OPERATED
FIXED DRAW-OUT FIXED DRAW-OUT
SELECTION PARAMETERS
ULTIMATE & SERVICE S/C
BREAKING CAPACITY
AS PER EARLIER IS : 2516 (NOW SUPERSEDED
BY IS 13947) : P1 & P2 CATEGORIES
AS PER IS 13947 PART 2 :
RATED ULTIMATE S/C BREAKING
CAPACITY (I
cu
)
&
RATED SERVICE S/C BREAKING
CAPACITY (I
cs
)

I
cs
SHOULD BE 25% or 50% or 75% or 100% of I
cu

SELECTION PARAMETERS
RATED S/C MAKING CAPACITY
RATIO n BETWEEN S/C MAKING CAPACITY & S/C
BREAKING CAPACITY & RELATED POWER FACTOR
S/C BREAKING POWER MINIMUM VALUE
CAPACITY I FACTOR OF n
(KA rms)
4.5 < I s 6 0.7 1.5
6 < I s 10 0.5 1.7
10 < I s 20 0.3 2.0
20 < I s 50 0.25 2.1
50 < I 0.2 2.2
SELECTION PARAMETERS
UTILIZATION CATEGORY
TYPE APPLICATION WITH RESPECT TO SELECTIVITY

CBs NOT SPECIFICALLY INTENDED FOR SELECTIVITY
UNDER S/C CONDITIONS WITH RESPECT TO OTHER SCPDs
IN SERIES ON THE LOAD SIDE, i.e WITHOUT AN
INTENTIONAL SHORT TIME DELAY PROVIDED FOR
SELECTIVITY UNDER S/C CONDITIONS, & THEREFORE
WITHOUT A I
cw
RATING

CBs SPECIFICALLY INTENDED FOR SELECTIVITY
UNDER S/C CONDITIONS WITH RESPECT TO OTHER SCPDs
IN SERIES ON THE LOAD SIDE, i.e WITH AN
INTENTIONAL SHORT TIME DELAY PROVIDED FOR
SELECTIVITY UNDER S/C CONDITIONS, & THEREFORE
HAVE A I
cw
RATING

A
B
SELECTION PARAMETERS
DISCRIMINATION
WHAT IS DISCRIMINATION ?
IN CASE OF FAULT IN THE SYSTEM, THE NEAREST

UPSTREAM CB/FUSE SHOULD CLEAR THE FAULT

THUS ISOLATING FAULTY PART OF THE SYSTEM

WHILE HEALTHY PART REMAINS UNAFFECTED

SHORT CIRCUIT

OVERLOAD

EARTH FAULT

VARIOUS FAULTS FOR WHICH
DISCRIMINATION IS REQUIRED
TYPES OF DISCRIMINATION
POSSIBLE BETWEEN ACBs
+ TIME BASED


+ CURRENT BASED
TIME BASED DISCRIMINATION
IN CASE OF S/C
FOR TIME BASED DISCRIMINATION

THE FINAL ACB BEFORE THE LOAD MUST TRIP
IMMEDIATELY UNDER S/C CONDITIONS (AS IT
DOES NOT REQUIRE TIME DELAY)

ALL UPSTREAM ACBs ARE TIME-DELAYED WITH
PROGRESSIVE DELAY TIMES FOR S/C TRIPPING
CURRENT BASED DISCRIMINATION
IN CASE OF S/C
FOR COMPLETE CURRENT BASED
DISCRIMINATION

PICK-UP SETTING OF S/C PROTECTIVE RELEASE OF

IMMEDIATE UPSTREAM ACB SHOULD BE > FAULT

LEVEL AT THE LOCATION OF DOWNSTREAM ACB
SELECTION PARAMETERS
OVERCURRENT RELEASE
THERMO MAGNETIC
ANALOG SOLID STATE
MICRO-PROCESSOR BASED
I-t CH. OF A TYPICAL THERMO-MAGNETIC RELEASE
MULTIPLES OF SET CURRENT
T
R
I
P


T
I
M
E


I
N


S
E
C
O
N
D
S

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 50 100 400 1000

0.01
0.10
0.20
1
10
100
1000
10000
OPERATING LIMITS THERMAL
ZONE OF S / C OPERATION ( M1 / M2)
T. O. T. AT MAX. OF DN2 SETTING
M.I.T. AT MAX. OF DN2 SETTING
M.I.T. AT MIN. OF DN2 SETTING
DN 2 (CONT. 100 - 300 mS )
DN 1 (25 mS)
TOTAL OPERATING TIME
MIN. IMPULSION TIME
I-T CH. OF A TYPICAL SOLID STATE RELEASE
MULTIPLES OF CURRENT
T
R
I
P

T
I
M
E


LONG TIME (O/L)
SHORT TIME (S/C)
INSTANTANEOUS (S/C)
EARTH FAULT
SELECTION PARAMETERS
O/L & S/C SETTINGS
IT IS THAT CALIBRATED VALUE OF
MINIMUM CURRENT, (SUBJECT TO CERTAIN
TOLERENCES) WHICH WILL CAUSE A TRIP
DEVICE (e.g.OVERCURRENT RELEASE)
TO ULTIMATELY TRIP THE CB

IT IS NORMALLY EXPRESSED AS MULTIPLES
OR PERCENTAGE OF CT TAP OR THE
LONG-TIME DELAY PICK-UP
WHAT IS PICK-UP SETTING FOR CB ?
OVERLOAD SETTING
PICK-UP SETTING :
NO HIGHER THAN NECESSARY
& WHICH MEET APPLICABLE STANDARDS
WITHOUT CAUSING NUISANCE TRIPPING

TIME DELAY SETTING (WHERE APPLICABLE) :
NO HIGHER THAN NECESSARY TO OVERRIDE
TRANSIENT & STEADY STATE OVERCURRENTS
ASSOCIATED WITH ENERGIZING OF LOAD
EQUIPMENTS & TO COORDINATED WITH
DOWNSTREAM PROTECTION DEVICES
SHORT CIRCUIT SETTING
PICK-UP SETTING :
NO HIGHER THAN NECESSARY TO
AVOID NUISANCE TRIPPING & SHOULD NOT BE
MORE THAN THE AVAILABLE S/C CURRENT
AT LOCATION OF THE CB

TIME DELAY SETTING (WHERE APPLICABLE) :
THAT MINIMUM, WHICH IS REQUIRED
FOR DOING TIME BASED DISCRIMINATION
WITH DOWNSTREAM CBs
SELECTION PARAMETERS
ACCESSORIES - U/V RELEASE
VERSIONS : 1) INSTANTANEOUS & 2) TIME
DELAY
FOR
- PERMITS CLOSING OF CB IF THE VOLTAGE
IS > 85% & TRIPS UNDER EXTREME U/V
- ELECT. INTERLOCKING
- REMOTE TRIPPING
OPERATION : 70% TO 35% OF V
n
PICK-UP : > 85% OF V
n
SELECTION PARAMETERS
ACCESSORIES - SHUNT RELEASE
VERSIONS : 1) A.C. COIL & 2) D.C. COIL

FOR
- REMOTE TRIPPING
- ELECT. INTERLOCKING

OPERATION : 70% TO 110% OF V
n
FOR A.C. COIL



SELECTION PARAMETERS
ACCESSORIES - E/F RELEASE
VERSIONS :
1) FIXED SETTINGS OF 10%, 20% OF I
n
&
2) FIXED SETTINGS OF 30%, 40%, 50% OF I
n

FOR E/F PROTECTION
ONLY IN CONJUNCTION WITH THERMO-
MAGNETIC RELEASE
FOR 3 PHASE 4 WIRE SYSTEM, FOURTH CT
REQUIRED

SELECTION PARAMETERS
ACCESSORIES - LOCKS & INTERLOCKS
LOCKABLE TRIP PUSH BUTTON (CAN ALSO BE
USED FOR INTERLOCKING TWO OR MORE CBs)

ISOLATED/ANY POSITION LOCK (CAN ALSO BE
USED FOR INTERLOCKING TWO OR MORE CBs)

RACKING INTERLOCK
SELECTION PARAMETERS
MECHANICAL INTERLOCKING BY LTPB
FOR
- TWO I/C + ONE B/C SYSTEM
- THREE I/C + TWO B/C SYSTEM

SUITABLE FOR ALL TYPES OF ACBs
(MF, MDO, EF & EDO)
SELECTION PARAMETERS
MECHANICAL INTERLOCKING BY LTPB


)


)


)


)


)
PCC
11
21 22 23 24
G


)

)

12
STANDBY GENERATOR
1250 KVA
TRANSFORMER
1600 KVA
A A
A
13
TWO I/C + ONE B/C SYSTEM
TWO A TYPE KEYS ARE PROVIDED
SELECTION PARAMETERS
MECHANICAL INTERLOCKING BY LTPB
THREE I/C + TWO B/C SYSTEM
TWO A TYPE KEYS & ONE B TYPE KEY
ARE PROVIDED


)


)


)


)


)
PCC
11
21 22 23 24 25 26
G


)

)

12
STANDBY
GENERATORS

TRANSFORMER
1600 KVA
A A B
A
14
G


)
13

)

B
15


)


)
SELECTION PARAMETERS
MECHANICAL INTERLOCKING BY
ISOLATED POSITION LOCK
FOR
- TWO I/C + ONE B/C SYSTEM
- THREE I/C + TWO B/C SYSTEM

SUITABLE FOR ONLY DRAW-OUT ACBs
(MDO & EDO)
SELECTION PARAMETERS
ACCESSORIES - MICROSWITCHES FOR
ELECT. INDICATIONS
SERVICE/TEST/ISOLATED POSITION INDICATION

UNDER VOLTAGE/SHUNT/EARTH FAULT
RELEASE TRIP INDICATION

O/L & S/C TRIP INDICATION - COMMON &
SEPARATE
SELECTION OF ACB
BASIC CRITERIA
RATED VOLTAGE, U
e

RATED CURRENT, I
n

RATED S/C BREAKING CAPACITY, I
cu
/I
cs

RATED S/C MAKING CAPACITY, I
cm

RATED SHORT TIME WITHSTAND
CURRENT, I
cw

DISCRIMINATION WITH OTHER CBs &
FUSES
CB SHOULD HAVE ADEQUATE :
EXAMPLE OF ACB
SELECTION
SELECTION OF ACB

11, 21 & 31 IN THE SHOWN

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM


)


)


)


)


)


)
F1
F3
PCC
MCC
BUSBAR
U/G CABLE
M2 M1 M3 M4
11
21 22 23 24
31
50HP 100HP 30HP 150HP


)
CB
SDF
STARTER










G


)

)

F2
12
13
STANDBY GENERATOR
1250 KVA
TRANSFORMER
1600 KVA
350 A 300 A 300 A
SYSTEM DATA
TRANSFORMER : 11/0.433 KV
1600 KVA

g STANDBY GENERATOR : U
rG
= 415 V
1250 KVA

O INDUCTION MOTORS : M1, I
rM
= 70A
M2, I
rM
= 135A
M3, I
rM
= 40A
M4, I
rM
= 200A
AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER 11
REQUIRED CURRENT RATING
TRANSFORMER FL CURRENT =
1600 1000
\ 3 433
= 2134 A
CONSIDERING 10% OVERLOADING, TOTAL CURRENT
= 1.1 2134 = 2347 A
I
n
OF CB 11 > 2347 A
AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER 11
REQUIRED S/C BREAKING CAPACITY
I
cu
OF CB 11 > I
K
SUPPLIED BY
TRANSFORMER AT F1
> 38.77 KA
AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER 11
REQUIRED S/C MAKING CAPACITY
I
cm
OF CB 11 > I
P
SUPPLIED BY
TRANSFORMER AT F1
> 87.71 KA(PEAK)
AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER 21
REQUIRED S/C MAKING & BREAKING
CAPACITY SAME AS FOR ACB 11
REQUIRED CURRENT RATING SAME
AS FOR ACB 31
AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER 31
REQUIRED CURRENT RATING
I
n
OF CB 31 > (I
rM
)

> (70 + 135 + 40 + 200)

> 445 A
AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER 31
REQUIRED S/C BREAKING CAPACITY
I
cu
OF CB 31 > I
K
SUPPLIED BY
TRANSFORMER AT F3
> 15.67 KA
AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER 31
REQUIRED S/C MAKING CAPACITY
I
cm
OF CB 31 > I
P
SUPPLIED BY
TRANSFORMER AT F3
> 27.7 KA(PEAK)
TIME BASED
DISCRIMINATION
SETTING OF DELAY TIMES FOR
UPSTREAM ACBs

MINIMUM IMPULSION TIME OF IMMEDIATE

UPSTREAM ACB SHOULD BE > TOTAL OPERATING

TIME OF DOWNSTREAM ACB
TIME BASED
DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN
ACBs 11, 21 & 31
SUPPOSE FOR ACB 31
O M.I.T. = 25 mSEC &
O T.O.T = 90 mSEC
ACB 21
O M.I.T. = 100 mSEC
O T.O.T. = 165 mSEC
ACB 11
O M.I.T. = 200 mSEC
O T.O.T = 265 mSEC
CURRENT BASED
DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN
ACBs 11, 21 & 31
CURRENT BASED DISCRIMINATION IS NOT
POSSIBLE BETWEEN ACB 11 & 21 SINCE FAULT
LEVEL AT THEIR LOCATIONS ARE SAME

CURRENT BASED DISCRIMINATION IS
POSSIBLE BETWEEN ACB 21 & 31 IF S/C PICK-
UP SETTING OF ACB 21 > I
K
AT F3

ACB SELECTION
CHARACTERISTICS CB 11 CB 21 CB 31
I
n
> 2347 A > 445 A > 445 A
I
cu
(RMS)

> 38.77 KA > 38.77 KA > 15.67 KA
I
cm
(PEAK)

> 87.71 KA > 87.71 KA > 27.7 KA
T.O.T. (mSEC) 265 mSEC 165 mSEC 90 mSEC
I
cw

>(38.77 KA FOR >(38.77 KA FOR >(15.67 KA FOR
HT CB T.O.T.) 265 mSEC ) 165 mSEC)
CHART OF VALUES OBTAINED