HET715 Network Computing

Lecture 2 - TCP Sockets

Lecturer: Dr Recep Ulusoy Email: rulusoy@swin.edu.au

Objectives
Internet and Internet Protocol (IP) Introduction to TCP packets To understand the concept of sockets

To learn how to send and receive data through sockets

To implement network clients and servers using TCP sockets

The Internet Protocol

Internet
A worldwide collection of computer networks Uses a common set of protocols to define how the parties will interact with each other

IP: Internet Protocol

Developed to enable different networks to communicate with each other Has become the basis for connecting computers around the world together over the Internet

Data Transmission
Consists of sending/receiving streams of zeros and ones along the network connection Two Types of Information
Application data The information one computer wants to send to another Protocol data Describes how to reach the intended computer Describes how to check for errors in the transmission

IP Packets
IP breaks large chunks of data up into more manageable packets Each packet is delivered separately Each packet in a larger transmission may be sent by a different route Packets are numbered

The recipient reassembles the data

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Internet Protocol (IP) does not notify the sender if data is lost or garbled This is the job of a higher level protocol Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) That is why the most commonly used Internet services use TCP with IP (TCP/IP)

TCP's Job
Attempt to deliver the data Try again if there are failures Notify the sender whether or not the attempt was successful

Port Numbers
One computer can offer multiple services over the Internet
For example, both a web server program and an email server program could reside at the same machine

When data are sent to that computer, they need to indicate which program (service) is to receive the data IP uses port numbers for this
A port number is an integer between 0 and 65,535 Some of these are preallocated for certain applications (wellknown ports b/w 1-1023) The sending program must know the port number of the receiving program This number is included in the transmitted data
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Port Numbers
Some well known port numbers include:
HTTP 80 HTTPS 443 FTP 20-21 Telnet 23 SMTP 25 POP3 110 IMAP14

Contents of TCP Packet

The Internet address (IP) of the recipient The port number of the recipient Internet address (IP) of the sender

The port number of the sender

Server and Client Sockets

A socket is an object that encapsulates a TCP/IP connection There is a socket on both ends of a connection (refer to Figure-2)

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Server and Client Sockets

Figure-2: Client and Server Sockets

Setting up a server process

It involves 5 steps Step 1: Create a ServerSocket object bound to a specified port

Syntax in Java
ServerSocket servSock = new ServerSocket(PORT);

An integer b/w 1024-65535 (eg.1234) because port numbers up to 1023 are reserved for special services Continued

Setting up a server process

Step 2: Put the server into a waiting state Syntax in Java

Socket link = servSock.accept();

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Setting up a server process

Step 3: Set up input and output streams Syntax in Java

Scanner input = new Scanner(link.getInputStream()); PrintWriter output = new PrintWriter (link.getOutputStream(), true);

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Setting up a server process

Step 4: Receive and send data Syntax in Java
//receive

String message = input.nextLine();

//send output.println(message);

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Setting up a server process

Step 5: Close connection after completing dialogue Syntax in Java
link.close();

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Setting up a corresponding client

It involves 4 steps Step 1: Establish a connection with the server Syntax in Java
Socket link = new Socket(host, PORT);

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Setting up a corresponding client

Step 2: Set up input and output streams Same as in the server set up Syntax in Java
//input stream Scanner input = new Scanner(link.getInputStream()); //output stream

PrintWriter output = new PrintWriter

(link.getOutputStream(), true);

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Setting up a corresponding client

Step 3: Send and receive data Same as in the server set up Syntax in Java
//send output.println(message); //receive String response = input.nextLine();

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Setting up a corresponding client

Step 4: Close connection after completing the dialogue Same as in the server set up Syntax in Java
link.close();