Lecture Thirteen

Exam Review
 In today’s lecture…
Signing-up for final exam time
How your final exam will be marked

Review of key points in the lectures

Handing-out of the exam

conversation


REMINDER: We DO have a class in



two weeks. Missing this class will

result in -2% taken off your final
grade.
How I will mark your final exam
 Eye Contact
Tone

Fluency

Stressing Words
Sometimes it's not what we say,
but HOW we say it
Volume
Spee
dBody Language

Intonation

Proper Pronunciation
 Some Helpful Tips for Your Exam

1. Body language look confident, have good posture

2. Eye contact look at your partner when talking
3. Speak clearly be careful how you say letters like “r”, “l” and “f”.
4. Avoid monotone!!!
5. Talking speed not too fast, not too slow
6. Watch punctuation take short pauses at the end of sentences or
important parts
7. Volume speak so that I can hear you at the back of the room
8. Know your voice use feeling in your voice
9. Look smart and honest
10. Practice, practice, practice!!!
 HOW we speak
WHAT we say is important but also HOW we say it.

Things to remember when talking:

* Intonation
* Tone
* Volume
* Stressing words
* Pauses
* Fluency
* Eye contact
* Body language
* Speed
Punctuation Differences
You are cute. You’re not so cute, but not
You are cute! ugly.
You are cute? You are very cute.
You think you are cute but I
don’t think you are.
That’s Bobby.
That’s Bobby! He’s my brother.
He’s a very famous actor.
That’s Bobby?
Yes, he’s the new student.
That’s Bobby?!
He looks so different now.
 Intonation
 Your voice is like a rollercoaster,
 it goes up and down when you talk.
 Monotone = no intonation


 UP ENDING
 Excitement, most questions, surprise


 DOWN ENDING
 fact, statement
 The Rise and Fall of
Intonation
When we speak, our intonation is ALWAYS going up and
done, but when we ask questions, when does it go up and
down???

YES/NO questions = intonation goes up at the end.

Other questions = intonation goes down at the end.
 Intonation Changes Things

• Oh my gosh! • Oh?
• I am from South Korea. • Oh.
• Do you like watching • Oh...
movies?
• Oh!
• My name is Matthew.
• That's too bad.
 Surprise Mail
A: Look what we got in the mail today.
B: What is it? An invitation?
A: A wedding invitation, from Adam!
B: What?! I can’t imagine Adam with a wife! How
old is he, fifty?
A: Fifty-two and he’s lived alone since he was
seventeen.
B: Oh my gosh!!! I thought he would never get
married.
A: I know, I know… I think everyone’s so really
shocked.
B: Well, do you know anything about the girl he’s
marrying, his fiancée?
A: She’s a thirty year old model; you didn’t know?
 Stressing Words
 When we stress words,
this can change the meaning of the sentence.

Example: I can speak English and French.

 I can speak English and French.

I can speak English and French.

I can speak English and French.

 A Syllable… what is it?!
A syllable is a part of a word.
In English, a syllable has one vowel sound and may
have several consonant sounds.

(An easy way to count syllables is to count how many

times your chin drops when you say the word.)
Waiting = wai [chin drops here] ting = 2 syllables

Vowel: a, e, i, o, u
Consonant: the others letters of the alphabet (b, c, d..)
How many syllables do you
hear?
 friendship
 sister
 home
 participation
 tongue
 twister
 syllable
 practice
 English
 Syllable Stress
In English, one syllable in each word is stressed
more than the other syllable..

Unstressed syllables
vs. stressed syllables

Stressed syllable:
longer, louder, higher intonation
 Stress Rules
Rule #1: 2 syllable
words Rule #2: prefixes &
suffixes
They are usually not stressed.
Noun = stress 1st syllable
(person/place/thing) Example:
Prefix = un~, im~
Verb = stress 2nd syllable Suffix= ~ed, ~ing
(action word)
walking
present present talked
Object object unhappy
Record record
A Stressed Race
A: He won’t win.
B: Who won’t? Sometimes we use stress when we
A: He won’t. want to correct wrong information or
B: He will win. to contrast what someone else said.
A: He won’t win.
B: He will! Example:
A: He won’t! You’re wrong. -> You’re wrong.
B: I hope he wins.
A: I hope he loses.
B: He won’t lose.
A: He will lose.
B: You’re wrong.
A: You’re wrong.
B: He’s won!
A: Who’s won?
B: He’s won!
A: He did?!
Numbers Ending in –teen and -ty
13 Thirteen 30 thirty
14 Fourteen 40 forty
15 Fifteen 50 fifty
16 Sixteen 60 sixty
17 Seventeen 70 seventy
18 Eighteen 80 eighty
25 Nineteen 90 ninety

fourteen forty
 Changing Mean with Using
Stress
I said she might consider a new a. Not just a haircut.
haircut. b. It's a possibility.
I said she might consider a new c. It was my idea.
haircut.
d. Not something else.
I said she might consider a new
haircut. e. Don't you understand me?
I said she might consider a new f. Not another person.
haircut. g. She should think about it.
I said she might consider a new it's a good idea.
haircut.
I said she might consider a new
haircut.
I said she might consider a new
 Where to Stress?!

Different places to use stress:

2.important content words
3. to add extra emotional impact

Example:
I am so hungry. I am SO hungry.
 Stress CONTENT words

1. Nouns
= person/ place/ thing
2. Adjectives
= words that describe nouns
3. Principal Verbs (most)
= action words
4. Adverbs
= words that describe verbs
(they usually end in “ly”)
 Here’s the Stress

The boys didn’t have time to finish

their homework before the lesson
began.

The boys DIDN’T have time to finish

their homework BEFORE the lesson
Non-Stressed Words
Non-stressed words are called FUNCTION
WORDS

1. Determiners
= the, a, some, a few
2. Auxiliary Verbs (SOMETIMES
STRESSED!)
= don't, am, can, were
3. Prepositions
= before, next to, opposite
4. Conjunctions
= but, while, as
5. Pronouns
= they, she, us
 Our School

Our school is the best in town.

The
teachers are friendly, and very
knowledgeable about English.
I've
studied at the school for two
years
and my English is becoming very
good. I hope you will visit our
school and try an English class.
 Our School

Our school is the BEST in town.

The teachers are friendly, and
VERY KNOWLEDGEABLE about
English. I've studied at the
school
for two years and my English is
becoming VERY GOOD. I hope
you
will visit our school and try an
English class. MAYBE we can
become FRIENDS!
 Differences in Numbers
1. There were thirteen students in our
class thirty days in a row.
2. I bought fourteen items at the
grocery store, and the bill was forty
dollars.
3. In nineteen sixty she was sixteen
years old.
4. I visited Egypt in nineteen ninety for
ninety days.
 Luke’s Ducks
Luke's duck likes lakes.
Luke Luck licks lakes.
Luke's duck licks lakes.
Duck takes licks in lakes Luke Luck
likes.
Luke Luck takes licks in lakes duck
likes.
 The Ordinal Numbers
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th

10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th

18th

19th 20th 21st 22nd23rd 24th 25th 26th

27th

28th 29th 30th 31st 32nd33rd 34th 35th

36th
 The Ordinal Numbers
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th

10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th

18th

19th 20th 21st 22nd23rd 24th 25th 26th

27th

28th 29th 30th 31st 32nd33rd 34th 35th

36th
What are their bodies
saying?
 Small Talk
Eric: Where do you live?
Jane: Well, I’m from Canada but I live in California.
Eric: Interesting. And what do you do?
Jane: I’m an architect. What about you?
Eric: I’m a doctor. I work in a hospital in Seattle.
Jane: Really? My sister lives in Seattle.
Eric: What does she do?
Jane: She’s a singer.
Eric: What’s her name?
Jane: Suzy Watson.
Eric: Suzy? I know her!
Jane: Hey! Small world!
 Body Language
 When we speak, we naturally use our
bodies.

 Hands, shoulders, face (facial gestures),

…etc.

 55% of what we say is with body

 Bye-Bye Car, Bye-Bye
Calvin: Oh… I have such a bad headache!
Kelly: Why Calvin? Did you stay out late last night?
Calvin: No, no. Ummm… I had a huge fight with my boss.
Kelly: Really? What happened?
Calvin: Well… I crashed our company car and didn’t tell him
until four days later.
Kelly: Oh my gosh!!! four days?! That’s terrible!
Calvin: My boss was so mad. I didn’t mean to crash it.
Kelly: But… Calvin… you should have told them right away.
Calvin: I know, I know.
Kelly: Wow, for a smart guy, you’re not such a smart employee!
Calvin: Ya… thanks.