Um Interface and Radio Channels

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Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Contents
1. Overview 2. Processing of Voice Signal 3. Radio Channel

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page1

Radio Interface
Another MSC
BTS BSC
MS
PSTN ISDN

A-bis

MSC/VLR

MS

HLR/AUC Um
OMC
SMC

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Page2

Hierarchical Structure of Um Interface

Communication management (CM) Network application layer (L3) Mobility and security management (MM) Radio resources management (RR) CC, SS, SMS

Data link layer (L2)

Integrated management

Use LAPDm Protocol

RACH

BCCH

AGCH/PCH

SDCCH

SACCH

TCH

FACCH

Physical link layer (L1)

TCH0 TCH1 TCH2 SACCH TCH23 IDL Multiframe

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Page3

Radio Access Technology

CDMA
Time
Power

CDMA Code Frequency Time TDMA

TDMA
Power

FDMA
Time FDMA Frequency

Frequency

Power

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Page4

Contents
1. Overview 2. Processing of Voice Signal 3. Radio Channel

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Page5

Voice Signal Processing

8KHz,13bi t

13kbit/s
20 ms

Voice
(A/D) Segmentation Speech coding Channel coding

22.8kbit/s

33.8kbit/s

Transmission

Interleaving

Encryption)

Burst formatting

Modulation

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Page6

Analog-Digital Conversion

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Page7

Speech Coding

The Enhance Full Rate coding mode is called CELP (Code Excited Linear Predictive Coding) The Full Rate coding mode is called RPE-LTP (Regular Pulse Excited-Long Term Prediction). The Half Rate coding mode is called VCELP (Vector-Sum Excited Linear Prediction)

8KHz,13bi t

20 ms

244 bits(EFR) 260 bits(FR) 112 bits(HR)

12.2kbit/s 13kbit/s 5.6kbit/s

Voice
(A/D) Segmentation Speech coding

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Page8

Channel Coding
Block Coder

1:2
Convolutional Coder

8KHz,13bi t

20 ms

244 bits(EFR) 260 bits(FR) 112 bits(HR)

12.2kbit/s 13kbit/s 456bits(FR/EFR) 22.8kbit/s 228bits(HR) 11.4kbit/s 5.6kbit/s

Voice
(A/D) Segmentation Speech coding Channel coding

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Page9

Interleaving
B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ... ... 452 453 454 455 456

First interleaving:

B0 1 9 . . . 449

B1 2 10 . . . 450

B2 3 11 . . . 451

B3 4 12 . . . 452

B4 5 13 . . . 453

B5 6 14 . . . 454

B6 7 15 . . . 455

B7 8 16 . . . 456

....

....

Second interleaving:

{A4,B0}

{A5,B1}

{A6,B2}

{A7,B3}

{B4,C0}

{B5,C1}

{B6,C2}

{B7,C3}

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Page10

Voice Burst
Tail bit Data Training sequence

3 57 encrypted bits bits

Dat a

Tail bit

Guard period

26 bits

1 57 encrypted bits bits 8.25 bits

8KHz,13bit

20 ms Segmentation Speech coding 22.8kbit/s

13kbit/ s
Channel coding

Voice

(A/D)

33.8kbit/ s
Interleaving Encryption) Burst formatting Modulation

Transmission

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Page12

Voice Signal Processing

Mobile equipment GSM Network Speaker

Transmitter Modulator 33.8 kbit/s Burst formatting Ciphering Interleaving 22.8 kbit/s Channel coding 13 kbit/s Speech coding Segmentation 8 kHz 13 bits A/D-conversion Microphone Transmitting part

Receiver Demodulator Adaptive Equalization De-ciphering De-interleaving

Receiver Demodulator Adaptive Equalization De-ciphering De-interleaving Channel Decoding Receiving part

Transmitter Modulator Burst formatting Ciphering Interleaving Channel coding 13 kbit/s D/D-conversion 8 kHz 8 bits 64 kbit/s PCM Transmitting part

Channel decoding
Speech decoding D/A-conversion Receiving part

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page13

Timing Advance (TA)

The mobile phone should send the signal in advance!! TA = 0 to 63 1 bit equivalent to 3.7s TS has 156bit Max coverage = 35Km

TA
Transmission delay t

Transmission delay t

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Page14

Frequency Hopping
Frequency f0 f1

f2
f3 f4 Frame

Time

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Page15

DTX

Sub & Full Measurement

DTX: Discontinuous Transmission

Shut off the transmission at voice intervals; Only transmit SID frames The transcoder at the RX terminal produces comfortable noise.

VAD: Voice Activity Detection

Implemented by the transcoder.

Prolong battery life and reduce interference

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Page16

Power Control

Prolong battery life Reduce network interference

Include both uplink power control and downlink power control

Level and quality are taken into account BSC or BTS is the final adjudicator
Signal level

BCCH Carrier is not involved in power control.

Target level value: e.g. -85 dm

Time

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Page17

Contents
1. Overview 2. Processing of Voice Signal 3. Radio Channel

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Page18

Frame and Channel

Frequency

200kHz

BP Slot 15/26ms
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Time

Physical Channel of Logical Channel

TDMA FRAME

0
200K

577 ms

Physical Channel
Logical channel Logical channel Logical channel

different message types

Logical channel
Logical channel

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page20

Burst
Access burst (AB): Used in MS initial access
Tail bit

63bit TA come from here

8bit

41 synchronous bits

Data Tail bit 36 encrypted 3bit bits

Guard interval

68.25bit

Frequency correction burst (FB): Used in frequency synchronization between MS and BTS
Tail bit Data Tail bit Guard interval

3bit

142bit

3bit

8.25bit

Synchronous burst (SB): Used in timing synchronization between MS and BTS

Tail bit

3bit

Data 39 encrypted bits

64 synchronous bits

Data Tail bit Guard interval 39 encrypted 3bit 8.25bit bits

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page21

Burst

Burst rate come from =156.25/(0.577*8)

Normal burst (NB)

Used to carry the information of the traffic channel and the control channel

except for RACH

Tail bit Data 57 encrypted bits Training sequence Data 57 encrypted bits Tail bit Guard interval

3bit

1 26bit 1

3bit

8.25bit

Frame stealing flag

Dummy burst (DB)

Used in transmission of filling frames by BTS at timeslots when there is no information delivered

Tail bit

Tail bit Guard interval 142 modulation bits

3bit

3bit

8.25bit

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Page22

Logical Channel Type

GSM900 and DCS1800 have the same logical channel category

Logical channel

Common channel (CCH)

Dedicated channel (DCH)

Broadcast control channel (BCH)

Common control channel (CCCH)

Control channel

Voice channel (TCH)

FCCH

SCH

BCCH (system information)

PCH

AGCH

RACH

SDCCH

FACCH

TCH/F

TCH/H

SACCH

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Page23

Downlink Logical Channel

FCCH Common Channel BCCH SCH BCCH CCCH PCH AGCH

SDCCH

Dedicated Channel

DCCH

SACCH FACCH

TCH

TCH/F TCH/H

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Page24

Uplink Logical Channel

Common channel

RACH

CCCH

SDCCH SACCH FACCH TCH/F TCH/H

DCCH

Dedicated channel

TCH

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Page25

Use of Logical Channels

Power-on

Search for frequency correction burst Search for synchronous burst Listen to the system information

FCCH SCH BCCH PCH RACH AGCH SDCCH SDCCH

Idle mode

Monitor paging message Send access burst Allocate signaling channel

Dedicated mode

Set up the call Allocate voice channel Conversation

Release the call

Idle mode

TCH FACCH

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Page26

Physical Combination of Logical Channel

26-frame multi-frame
TCH/F+FACCH/F+SACCH/F (full-rate TCH) TCH/H+FACCH/H+SACCH/H (half-rate TCH)

51-frames multi-frame
FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH (main BCCH) FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH+SDCCH/4+SACCH/4 (combined BCCH) BCCH+CCCH (extended BCCH) SDCCH/8+SACCH/8 (main SDCCH)
TS 2, 4, 6

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Page27

Structure of Main BCCH

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink
Group3,4

Group Channel Frame Number

F 0 S 1

Group1

Group2

(same as Group2)

Grpup5

BX4 2-5

CX4 6-9

F 10

S 11

CX4 12-15

CX4 16-19

20-39

F 40

S 41

CX4 42-45

CX4 46-49

I 50

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink

Channel Frame Number R R R R R R R R R R R R R RR R R R R

10

11

12

13-46

47

48

49

50

F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; R:RACH; I:IDLE

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Structure of Combined BCCH

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink Group Group1 Group2 Group3 Group4 Grpup5 B 4 C 4 C 4 C 4 D0 4 D1 4 D2 4 D3 4 A0 4 A1 4

Channel

Channel

B 4

C 4

C 4 1215

C 4 1619

D0 4 2225

D1 4 2629

D2 4 3235

D3 4 3639

A2 4 4245

A3 4 4649

Frame Number

2-5

6-9

10

11

20

21

30

31

40

41

50

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Channel D34 R R A24 A34 RR

Uplink D14 R R D24

D04

Channel
Frame Number

D04

A04

A14

RR

D04

D14

D24

0-3

6-9

10-13

14-36

37-40

41-44

45

46

47-50

F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; D:SDCCH ;A:SACCH; R:RACH; I:IDLE

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Structure of Logical Channel Combination Frame-Main SDCCH

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink
Channel D0 4 D0 4 0-3 D1 4 D1 4 4-7 D2 4 D2 4 8-11 D3 4 D3 4 1215 D4 4 D4 4 1619 D5 4 D5 4 2023 D6 4 D6 4 2427 D7 4 D7 4 2831 A0 4 A4 4 3235 A1 4 A5 4 3639 A2 4 A6 4 4043 A3 4 A7 4 4447 I I I

Channel Frame Number

48

49

50

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink Channel A5 4 A6 4 A7 4 I I I D0 4 D1 4 D2 4 D3 4 D4 4 D5 4 D6 4 D7 4 A0 4

Channel Frame

A1
4 0-3

A2
4 4-7

A3
4 8-11

D0
4 15-

D1
4 19-

D2
4 23-

D3
4 27-

D4
4 31-

D5
4 35-

D6
4 39-

D7
4 43-

A4
4 47-

Number

12

13

14

18

22

26

30

34

38

42

46

50

D:SDCCH; A:SACCH; I:IDLE

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Structure of Logical Channel Combination Frame-TCH

Case of one full rate TCH
1 multi-frame (26TDMA Frames) 120ms Channel Frame Number T T T T T T TT A T,,,T T T T

DTX nd th Frame 52 to 59

611

12

1318

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

Case of two half rate TCHs

1 multi-frame (26TDMA Frames) 120ms Channel
Frame Number

Tt

T,,,t

611

12

1318

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

T:TCH;A:SACCH; I:IDLE
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Frame
1 hyper frame=2048 super-frames=2715648TDMA frames (3 hours, 28 minutes, 53 seconds and 760 milliseconds) TCH SACCH/T FACCH 0 1 2 3

2044

2045

2046

2047 BCCH CCCH SDCCH

1 super-frame=1326TDMA frames (6.12 seconds) 0 0 1 2 1 3 47 48 24 49 25 50

1 multiframe=26TDMA frames (120ms) 0 1 24 25 0

1 multiframe=51TDMA frames (3060/13ms) 1 49 50

1TDMA frame=8 timeslots (120/26=4.615ms) 2 3 4 5 6

1 timeslot=156.25 bit duration (15/26=0.577ms) (1 bit duration: 48/13=3.68us)

26 training TB 58 information bits sequences 3 Frequency correction burst (FB) TB Constant bit 142 3 TB Information bit 39 Extended training sequence 64 Synchronous burst (SB) 3 TB Synchronous sequence 41 TB Information bit 36 3 Access burst (AB) 3

Normal burst (NB)

58 information bits

TB 3 TB 3

GP 8.25 GP 8.25

TB: Tail bit GP: Guard period

Information bit 39 GP 68.25

TB GP 3 8.25

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Page32

Configuration of Common Control Channel

Downlink CCCH

Uplink CCCH

PCH

AGCH

RACH

How to determine the total CCCH resources of the cell? How to

allocate AGCH and PCH reasonably?

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Page33

Summary

In this course, we have learned:

Processing of Voice Signal Radio Channel in Um Interface Key Technical in Um Interface

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Page34

Thank you
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