FINITE MATHEMATICS

LINEAR PROGRAMMING
Graphing Systems of Linear Inequalities in Two Variables

Number Line and Inequality Graphs

With number lines, we had what kind of circles?
> or < open circle or closed circle

We have something similar with the graphs of inequalities:

> or < dashed line or solid line

Lines on the Cartesian Plane

A line divides the Cartesian plane into two half planes. Draw a line by plotting two points (the intercepts if possible).

e.g.

y = 2x +6

Points (0, 6) and (-3, 0)

Procedure for Graphing Linear Inequalities

1. Draw the graph of the equation obtained by replacing the inequality symbol with an equal sign. Make the line dashed if the inequality symbol is < or >, otherwise make it solid. 2. Pick a test point in one of the half planes, substitute the x and y values into the inequality (use the origin whenever possible). 3. If the inequality is satisfied, shade the half plane containing the test point otherwise shade the other half plane.

Example
Graph:
y<x+3 Intercepts are (0, 3) and (-3, 0) Where are the solutions? Shade where the solutions exist.

Example
Graph:
y 2 x 5 Intercepts are
(0, -5) and (-2.5, 0)

Where are the solutions? Shade where the solutions exist.

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Ex. Graph y 2 x 1
Notice that the line (=) is part y 2 x 1 of the solution

Also, any point in the lower half-plane satisfies the inequality so this region is shaded.

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Ex. Graph y 2 x 1
The line (=) is not part of the y 2 x 1 solution (so it is dashed.

Any point in the lower half-plane satisfies the inequality.

Ex. Graph 3x 2 y 6
3x 2 y 6
Dashed since <

Test (0,0): 3(0)+2(0) < 6

True so shade region containing (0,0)

N.B. The equation of a vertical line is x = a

N.B. The equation of a horizontal line is y = b

Ex. Graph x 2

Ex. Graph y 3

The equation of the y axis is x = 0

The equation of the x axis is y = 0

Graph the solution set for the system:

x 2y 1 3x 2 y 6

3x 2 y 6 x 2y 1

Points must satisfy both inequalities (overlap of individual shaded regions)

Bounded Region

Unbounded Region

Write a definition for, and give an example of each of the following terms.
Decision Variables Objective Function Problem Constraints Non-Negative constraints Production Schedule Optimal Solution Optimal Value