Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

Fundamentals

GD & T Fundamentals

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Intellectual Design & Engineering

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

Fundamentals
OBJECTIVES
Fundamental drawing rules Units of measurement(DIMESIONING) Method of Tolerancing Units of angle measurement Need of gd&t on cad database model

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Intellectual Design & Engineering

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

Fundamentals
certain values of tolerances, there is generally no gain in economy by increasing them further. These tolerances are not exceeded in normal workshop practice without particular effort.This is the normal (customary) workshop accuracy.
Rs

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Intellectual Design & Engineering

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

Fundamentals
Each dimension shall have a tolerance except those dimensions specifically identified as reference, maximum, minimum, or stock. Each feature shall be fully dimensioned and tolerance so that there is a complete description of the characteristics of each part. Use only the dimensions that are necessary for a full definition of the part. Reference dimensions should be kept to a minimum.

Each dimension shall be selected and arranged to satisfy the function and mating relationship of the part and shall not be subject to more than one interpretation.
The drawing should define the part without specifying a particular method of manufacturing.

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Intellectual Design & Engineering

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

Fundamentals
A basic 90 angle applies where centerlines of features in a pattern or surfaces shown at right angles on a drawing are located or defined by basic dimensions and angles are not specified. Unless otherwise specified, all dimensions are to be measured at 68F (20C). Measurements made at other temperatures may be adjusted mathematically. All dimensions apply in the free-state condition except for nonrigid parts. Unless otherwise specified, all geometric tolerances apply for the full depth, full length, and full width of the feature. Dimensions and tolerances apply only at the drawing level where they are specified. For example, a dimension specified for a particular feature on a detailed drawing is not required for that feature on an assembly drawing.
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Intellectual Design & Engineering

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

Fundamentals
Units of Measurements:(DIMENSIONING)

1.Metric system 2.Inch system

Some industries using dual system

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Intellectual Design & Engineering

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

Fundamentals
Dimensioning method

When specifying millimeter dimensions on drawings as described above A zero is placed before the decimal point for values less than one millimeter. Zeros are not added to the right of the decimal point when dimensions are a whole number plus some decimal fraction of a millimeter. (This practice differs when tolerances are written bilaterally or as limits. See Specifying Tolerances below.) Neither a decimal point nor a zero is shown where the dimension is a whole number.
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Intellectual Design & Engineering

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

Fundamentals
Dimensioning method

When specifying decimal inch dimensions: A zero is never placed before the decimal point for values less than one inch. Some designers routinely place zeros before the decimal point for values less than one inch. This practice is incorrect and confusing for the reader. A dimension is specified with the same number of decimal places as its tolerance even if zeros need to be added to the right of the decimal point.
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Intellectual Design & Engineering

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

Fundamentals
Method of Tolerancing:
1.Limit Tolerancing 2.Plus and minus Tolerancing

8/18/2013

Intellectual Design & Engineering

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

Fundamentals
When a unilateral tolerance is specified and either the plus or the minus limit is zero, a single zero is shown and no plus or minus sign is used. Where bilateral tolerancing is specified, both tolerance values have the same number of decimal places. Zeros are added when necessary. Where limit dimensioning and tolerancing is used, both values have the same number of decimal places even if zeros need to be added after the decimal point.

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Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

Fundamentals
When a unilateral tolerance is specified and either the plus or the minus limit is zero, its zero value will have the same number of decimal places as the other limit and the appropriate plus or minus sign. Where bilateral tolerancing is specified, both the dimension and tolerance values have the same number of decimal places. Zeros are added when necessary. Where limit dimensioning and tolerancing is used, both values have the same number of decimal places even if zeros need to be added after the decimal place.

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Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

Fundamentals
Basic Dimensions with GD & T

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Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

Fundamentals
Angular dimension are specified
1.Degree and decimal parts 2.degrees( )minutes()and second()

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Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

Fundamentals
Dimensioning and Tolerancing for CAD/CAM Database Models

Many designers feel that solid model drawings produced with CAD/CAM programs do not need to be dimensioned or toleranced.
The method of producing a design and transmitting that information to the manufacturing equipment is not the major cause of irregularity in parts. Although these systems may eliminate some human error, the major cause of part variation occurs as a result of a variety of other sources, such as

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Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

Fundamentals
Manufacturing influences
Material rigidity of the work piece (shape); material; stress in the material. precision of the machine tool, bearing play; static and dynamic rigidity of the machine tool; thermal properties of the machine tool; maintenance; environment (e.g. vibrations). tool; chuck, fixing, clamping method; processing data (e.g. cutting speed, thickness of cut, cutting pressure,cooling). uncorrected systematic measuring deviations; random measuring deviations. education, skillness, precision of re-chucking; environment.
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Machine (tool)

Method

Measuring Manufacturer
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