Emotions and Inclination

INTRODUCTION
Depending on the mood, we tried to analyze towards which feeling the person gets inclined.

What we are interested in is to which extent a persons attention is dependent on emotions. There are 2 main ways of thinking of the relationship between emotions and attentional phenomena .

These have been categorized as 2 models .

MOTIVATION

CAUSAL MODEL

Emotions and attentional phenomena are taken to be distinct events, which causally interact.

Two variables: Emotion and attention

Douglas and Tucker emotion have two effects on attention. First broadens or narrow the breadth of attention. Second direct attention toward particular sources of information.

Gerald Matthews and Adrian Wells, authors of Attention and Emotion: A Clinical Perspective (1994) States of emotions influence both the contents of consciousness and performance on tasks requiring selection of stimuli or concentration. Causal model is compatible with the thesis that emotions have as one or as their unique function to cause attentional phenomena. Derry berry and Tucker arguement

ESSENTIALIST MODEL

Suggests that attentional phenomena are the essential components of emotions. This seems to be Ronald de Sousas view. According to him, an emotion limits the range of information that the organism will take into account In fact, different types of emotions seem to involve different kinds of attentional phenomena. A number of studies suggest that negative emotional states particularly high arousal ones like anxiety and fear serve to narrow peoples attentional focus, while positive emotions, even high-arousal such as elation and mania, lead to an opposite effect: an expansion of attentional focus.

In one particularly telling study, subjects had to assess the similarity of two figures to a third figure, where the two figures resembled the third figure either with respect to global configuration or with respect to local features.

D D D D DDDD D D D D

Negative emotional traits- local biasnarrowed attentional focus Positive emotional traits -global biasbroadened attentional focus.

How we conducted the survey

PANAS QUESTIONNAIRE

______cheerful

______ sad ______

active ______ angry at self

_____ disgusted ______ calm ______

guilty ______ enthusiastic

______ attentive

______ afraid ______ joyful ______

downhearted

______ surprised ______ happy ______excited ______ determined

______ strong

______ timid ______ hostile ______

frightened

______ relaxed

______ alert______ jittery ______

interested

______ irritable

______ upset ______ lively ______

loathing

______ delighted ______ angry ______ ashamed _____confident

______ inspired ______

bold ______ at ease ______ energetic

SCALE USED
1 - very slightly or not at all 2 - a little 3 - moderately 4 - quite a bit 5 - extremely

PANAS

Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Watson, Clark, and Tellegen Two scales for PA and NA Mood measurement 1-5 scale : very slightly affected extremely affected

Ratio : K = PA(items) / NA(items)

POSITIVE EMOTIONS DEPICTORS CHEERFUL ACTIVE JOYFUL LIVELY ATTENTIVE

NEGATIVE EMOTIONS DEPICTORS SAD ANGRY AT SELF CALM DISGUSTED GUILTY

ENTHUSIASTIC SURPRISED
HAPPY EXCITED DETERMINED STRONG RELAXED ALERT CONFIDENT INTERESTED

AFRAID DOWNHEARTED
TIMID HOSTILE JITTERY(Being in a tense state) FRIGHTENED IRRITABLE UPSET ANGRY LOATHING

IMAGE BASED QUESTIONNAIRE

Figure 1:

How many total members are in the picture? Which dress colour was not there? A. Pink B. Purple C. Green D. Red

There were stripes on the blue colored t-shirt. A. Yes B. No

Figure 2:

How many persons were mourning besides the dead body ? A. 4 B.3 C.5 D.2

Was there anyone wearing suit?

What was the colour of the shirt of the man sitting next to dead body's head ? A. Blue B. Black C. White

Figure 1:

What was the colour of the hairs of woman? What was the colour of stripes on the polythene bag the woman was carrying? 3. what kind of dress the woman was wearing? A. White suit B. White jacket C. White gown

Figure 2:

Whats the color of scarf of the woman in the front ? A. Yellow B. Red C. Black D. Orange

Is there a mole on the face of the woman in the front ?

A. Yes

B. No

Is any person in the figure wearing cap ? A. Yes B. No

Figure 1:

Who appears to be holding the Black umbrella? A. Man B. Woman C. No one

Which type of machine was visible?

A. Tractor B. Crane C. Crusher

Which calamity the image represents? A. Riots B. Drought C. Earthquake

Figure 2:

Which vehicle was there in the background? A. Car B. Scooter C. Motorcycle D. Auto

How many were wearing specs ?

A. 2

B.3

C.1

How many children were visible ? A.5 B.6 C.7 D.8

MENTAL QUESTIONNAIRE

MENTAL ABILITY QUESTIONS

A clerk at a butcher shop stands five feet ten inches tall and wears size 13 sneakers. What does he weigh? Before Mt. Everest was discovered, what was the highest mountain in the world? How much dirt is there in a hole that measures two feet by three feet by four feet? What word in the English language is always spelled incorrectly?

If you were running a race and you passed the person in 2nd place, what place would you be in now?
Which is correct to say, The yolk of the egg is white or The yolk of the egg are white?

ANALYSIS

STATISTICS
Total =30

People with positive emotion=25

People with negative emotion=05

Avg. correct answers to Happy images=5.04

Avg. correct answers to sad images=4.32

Avg. correct Answers to happy images=3.4

Avg. correct answers to sad images=4.8

2.5

1.5

r
1 0.5 0

0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

r :- Ratio of correct answers related to happy pictures to sad pictures . R :- Ratio of net positive emotion rating to net negative emotion rating( calculated from PANAS questionnaires )

ANALYSIS
Persons having dominant positive emotions Average correct answer related to happiness Average correct answer related to sadness Average total correct answer 5.04 Person having dominant negative emotions 3.4

4.32

4.8

9.36

8.2

Mental Questions
Persons having dominant positive emotions Average no. of correct answers of mental questions Average time taken Persons having dominant negative emotions 1

2.48

3:03

2:27

Persons having positive emotions have given more correct answers and also have taken more time .

CONCLUSION

The results of analysis of image based questionnaire verify the causal model & essentialist model.
It also shows that the person with particular dominant emotion is more inclined towards respective image. The results of analysis of mental questionnaire also verify the causal model & essentialist model.

LIMITATIONS

Only youths were involved in survey.

The photos have been selected by the most general situations but still it may not suit all subjects.

Survey was done on small group (30 subjects).

REFERENCES

Christine Tappolet (University of Montreal) Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988) Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070.