MLAB 1415- Hematology Keri Brophy-Martinez

Chapter 4 : Hematopoietic Organs

Hematopoiesis: overview
Medullary

Origin of blood cells and sequential sites of normal blood production within the bone marrow

Extramedullary

Blood cell production in hematopoietic tissue other than bone marrow

Liver Spleen

Compensatory mechanism to provide blood cells in times of need

Ontogeny (origin) of Hematopoiesis

Begins in mesoderm of yolk sac forming erythroid cells. Production continues for about six weeks before declining and ends in about two months. Hemoglobin found in these embryonic cells consist of Gower 1, Gower 2 and Portland. Fetal liver now assumes responsibility for hematopoiesis during second month. Yolk sac erythoid cells move to liver and remain there until the seventh month

Ontogeny (origin) of Hematopoiesis

From third to sixth month, hematopoiesis occurs in kidney, thymus, spleen and lymph nodes Other emerging cells

About three months of life, see platelets About five months of life, see leukocytes

Ontogeny (origin) of Hematopoiesis

Around seventh month of fetal life, hematopoiesis shifts to bone marrow

Fetal marrow fills with RBCs

Ontogeny (origin) of Hematopoiesis

At birth, liver and spleen stop hematopoietic activity. Bone marrow now becomes active site of hematopoiesis

Ontogeny (origin) of Hematopoiesis

Children up to teen years, has hematopoiesis in all bones Hematopoiesis gradually decreases in shafts of long bones. Around age 18-20 hematopoiesis shifts to production in sternum, ribs, pelvis, vertebrae, and skull. After age 40, less area in these sites available for hematopoiesis.

Storage Pools
Granulocytes and platelets also exist in two pools

Circulating Marginal

Bone Derived Cells

Non-hematopoietic cells involved with bone turnover closely linked with hematopoiesis

Osteoblasts
Responsible for the formation, calcification and maintenance of the bone structure Large irregularly shaped cells in the bone marrow that may be confused with plasmacytes or malignant cells

Osteoclasts

Responsible for absorption of bone Assist in degradation of bone Giant multinucleated, irregularly shaped phagocytic cells in the bone marrow that may be confused with megakaryocytes

Bone Derived Cells

Osteoblast

Osteoclast

References
Harmening, D. M. (2009). Clinical Hematology and Fundamentals of hemostasis (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Company. McKenzie, S. B. (2010). Clinical Laboratory Hematology (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc..