Euro Zone Crisis

-Ajay Kumar -Dinesh Grover -Jasdeep Chawla -Puneet Kaur

CONTENTS
What is Euro Zone? What is Euro Zone Crisis? Countries affected and impact on them(PIIGS). Effect on Greece. Present condition. Solution. Conclusion.

Euro Zone
It is an economic and monetary union (EMU) of 16 European Union (EU) member states They have adopted the euro as their sole trading currency. Euro became a reality on Jan 1, 1998 , but came for the European consumers on Jan 1 2002. It currently consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.

 It is the biggest challenge Europe has faced since 1990. Due to global financial crisis that began in 2007-08 the euro zone entered its first official recession in third quarter of 2008. The official figures were released in 2009 Jan. On 11 Oct 2008, a summit was held in Paris by the Euro group heads of state and Govt. , to define a joint action plan for euro zone and central banks of Europe to stabilize the economy.

Introduction to Euro Zone crisis

Beginning of Crisis
Started in Oct 2009 in Greece Its immediate causes lie with the US crisis of 200709. The result in Euro Zone was Sovereign debt crisis.

PIIGS: Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece, Spain.

What Happened and Why?

Greece: Sharp Budget Deficit

Large government and External Debts in PIIGS.

Greece credit rating downgraded.

Interest rates surged on government bonds.

Need for external aid from EU and IMF

The high debts and rising rate of interests was a

matter of concern.

 Reasons for rise in External Debts High household indebtness. Large current account deficit:
Excessive growth in domestic demand. Increase in wage rates. Lower exchange rate risk.

Weakening export competitiveness. Reasons for rise in Internal Debts: Rising Unemployment: Lower tax returns, higher budget deficits.

PRESENT SITUATION

GREEK DEBT CRISIS

In the first quarter of 2010, the national debt of Greece was put at 300 billion ($413.6 billion), which is bigger than the country's economy. Greece has the worst combination of high debt level, large budget deficit and large external debt

GDP - $360 billion

Debt-GDP ratio 113% of GDP

Budget Deficit 12.9% of GDP

Current Account Deficit- 11.0% of GDP

Net Foreign Debt 70% of GDP Total Outstanding Public Debt- 290 billion euro

Countries Affected By Greek Crisis

South-eastern Europe Neighboring Serbia, Albania, Macedonia, Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey

IMPACT
Contagion Effect Greek crisis has made investors nervous about lending money to governments through buying government bonds. Reduced wealth: Take-home pay is likely to fall as it is eroded by rising taxes. Impact on private individuals

COUNTRIES AFFECTED

High Risk

Moderate Risk

Lower Risk

Latvia , Hungary, Romania

Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Lithuania, Slovakia, Slovenia

Estonia and Poland

Resolutions
European governments and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have stunned global stock

markets with a 750bn-euro.

France agrees to pitch in with 17 billion euro.

Situation of other countries

Spain is experiencing the highest unemployment rate of 20%. Italy- has already taken austerity measures. The lower house of parliament has voted for 25 billion Euros of cuts to reduce the countrys deficit. The govt. aims to reduce budget deficits down from 5.3% of GDP to 2.7% by 2012.

Effect on India
Indias exports to Europe could witness a slump close to 10%. Export driven sectors such as textiles and software are likely to bear the brunt. About 22-28 percent of revenues of Indias top tech majors come from Europe whose revenues will definitely be affected. Governments overall target of $200 billion for the fiscal could be at stake.

FUTURE PREDICTED
Either the euro zone should go for integrating their economic policies. OR It collapses, and the Greeks and other profligate , countries devalue and the banks (German, French, British and American) lose hundreds of billions.

PROBLEMS
It combines efficient and indiscipline economies. Too high debts. Political problems.

SOLUTIONS
Countries affected must: Grind down Wages Raise Productivity Slash Spending Raise taxes Transparent Banking system Endure such Austerity Drives for many years

CONCLUSION
The US crisis led to Global financial crisis, which further spread to Euro zone and caused Euro zone crisis, as these countries were most affected. Hence the Big Brothers should help the countries in problem to come out from the crisis.

Thank you very much for your attention!!!

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