MADE BYHASHIM KHAN CLASS-12 ROLL NO.

13

S E E

TATEMENTS of CIENCE and CRIPTURE XHIBITED XAMINED XPLAINED DUCATIONAL DIFYING VANGELICAL

IMPLICATIONS OF THE LAWS OF THERMODYNAMIC

ORIGINS
An emotional question. An unprovable question. Approaching the question properly. Lets agree to use fair rules.

We take the side of science in spite of the patent absurdity of some of its constructs, in spite of its failure to fulfill many of its extravagant promises of health and life, in spite of the tolerance of the scientific community for unsubstantiated just-so-stories, because we have a prior commitment, a commitment to materialism. It is not that the methods and institutions of science somehow compel us to accept a material explanation of the phenomenal world,

but, on the contrary, that we are forced by our a priori adherence to material causes to create an apparatus of investigation and set of concepts that produce material explanations, no matter how counter-intuitive, no matter how mystifying to the uninitiated. Moreover, that materialism is an absolute, for we cannot allow a Divine Foot in the door.

Definition - RELIGION
A set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe.

[Evolution] is a general postulate to which all theories, all hypotheses, all systems must henceforward bow and which they must satisfy in order to be thinkable and true. Evolution is a light which illuminates all facts, a trajectory which all lines of thought must follow that is what evolution is.

What happened to the classic definition of science?

Science: The search for truth [whatever that truth may be] through the scientific method of repeated experimentation and observation.
Science Redefined as Materialism: You may search for truth but only where and how we tell you to. Only materialistic explanations are allowed.

In accepting evolution as a fact, how many biologists pause to reflect that science is built upon theories that have been proved by experiment to be correct, or remember that the theory of animal evolution has never been thus proved?

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Complexity Disorder

Less Energy Available for Use The entropy also measures the randomnessof the system: The greater the randomness, the greater the entropy.
Harold Blum - Evolutionist Physicist

The Second Law of Thermodynamicssays, roughly speaking, that in any change the Universe becomes a slightly more disorderly place; the entropy goes up, the information content goes down. This natural tendency towards disintegration and chaos is evident all around us
P. Davies, Chance or choice: Is the Universe an accident?, 80 New Scientist, p. 506

the simple expenditure of energy is not sufficient to develop and maintain order. A bull in a china shop performs work, but he neither creates nor maintains organization. The work needed is particular work; it must follow specifications; it requires information on how to proceed.
G. G. Simpson and W. W. Beck, Life: An Introduction to Biology, 2nd ed, NY, 1955, p. 466

THE FOUR ESSENTIAL CRITERIA

1. The system must be open to the environment.

2. An adequate influx of energy must be available.

3. The system must possess an energy conversion mechanism to convert harmful raw energy into a useful form of energy. 4. A directing program must exist to control the conversion machinery and to direct the converted energy into the creation and maintenance of complexity.

This explanation, [an open system] however, is not completely satisfying, because it still leaves the problem of how or why the ordering process has arisen (an apparent lowering of the entropy), and a number of scientists have wrestled with this issue. Bertalanffy (1968) called the relation between irreversible thermodynamics and information theory one of the most fundamental unsolved problems in biology.
C. J. Smith, Problems with Entropy in Biology in Biosystems, Vol. 1, p. 259, 1975

PRIGOGINES NOBEL PRIZE

In 1977, Ilya Prigogine received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for using thermodynamics, in the words of the committee, to bridge the gap that exists between the biological and the social scientific fields of inquiry.

What was the role of dissipative structures in evolution? It is very tempting to speculate that prebiotic evolution corresponds essentially to a succession of instabilities leading to an increasing level of complexity.
G. Nicholis & I. Prigogine, Self-Organization in Non-Equilibrium Systems: From Dissipative Structures to Order Through Fluctuations, p. 12

SHATTERING THE CRYSTAL ILLUSION

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THIS SEQUENCE OF ALPHABET LETTERS CARRIES A MESSAGE

Crystallization occurs because it leads to the lowest energy state and to the most stable arrangement of atoms or molecules under the given conditions. Crystallization leads to simple, very uniform repeating structures, which are inert. These structures do not function, and are not designed by function.
P. T. Mora, Crystallization and the Second Law, 199 Nature, 216 (1963)

Unfortunately this principle [of crystal formation] cannot explain the formation of biological structures. The probability that at ordinary temperatures a macroscopic number of molecules is assembled to give rise to the highly ordered structures and to the coordinated functions characterizing living organisms is vanishingly small.
Ilya Prigogine, G. Nicolis and A. Babloyants, Thermodynamics of Evolution, Physics Today, Vol. 25, November 1972, p. 23

How do present-day organisms manage to synthesize organic compounds against the forces of dissolution? They do so by a continuous expenditure of energyA living organism is an intricate machine for performing exactly this function

When, for want of fuel or through some internal failure in its mechanism, an organism stops actively synthesizing itself in opposition to the processes which continuously decompose it, it dies and rapidly disintegrates. What we ask here is to synthesize organic molecules without such a machine. I believe this to be the most stubborn problem that confronts us the weakest link at present in our argument.
G. Wald, The Origin of Life, in The Physics and Chemistry of Life, p. 17.