IN THE NAME OF GOD

OOP in

C++
Maysam Rajaati Farid Bekran

11/27/2008
Tabriz University - Iran 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. History
2. Philosophy of C++ & increments of C
3. Classes in C++
4. Objects in C++
5. Access Specifiers
6. Class & Object memory allocation
7. Static data (In classes)
8. Inheritance(Single)
9. Inheritance(multiple)
10.INCLUSIVE CLASSES
11.POLYMORPHISM
12.COMPILERS

2
HISTORY
 It was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in1979 at Bell Labs.
 As an enhancement to the C programming language and originally named "C
with Classes".
 It was renamed to C++ in 1983.

C Simula ADA83 Algol68 SmallTalk CLU ML

C++

C# JAVA ADA95 PHP Perl D

3
PHILOSOPHY OF C++ &
INCREMENTS OF C
 C++ is designed to be a statically typed general-purpose language that is as
efficient and portable as C

 C++ is designed to directly and comprehensively support multiple programming

styles (procedural programming, data abstraction, object-oriented programming,
and generic programming)

 C++ avoids features that are platform specific or not general purpose

Virtual Multiple
class

C+
functions inheritance

C
Exception
handling
Templates
Operator
overloading
+
4
CLASSES IN C++
 Classes are User defined types.
 Classes are for Encapsulate our data.
 Classes hold both data and function on data.

CPolygon
class CPolygon
{
private: int Width; int Height; // You can remove “private”

public:
Cpolygon() // Has no return value
{ }
int Area()
{ }
void Draw()
{ }
~Cpolygon() // Has no Parameter , Has no return value
{ }
}; 5
OBJECTS IN C++
Objects of Class

Definition of class

Some Data Some Data

Some Data
1000 10230

 Definition of a class only is the class Specification.

 Object of a class allocate real memory for members.

Example:
…
Cpolygon obj1; // call the user defined constructor
Obj1.Draw(); // draw the obj1 to screen
cout << Obj1.Area(); //prints the area of polygon obj1
// if scope ends the destructor called
… 6
ACCESS SPECIFIERS
Example 1 :
Class Cpolygon …
Cpolygon obj1;
cout << Obj1.Width; // ERROR!
private obj.Draw(); //True!
…

NOT ALLOWED
protected

Exam ple 2 :
public …
class CPolygon
{
void Draw()
{
cout << Width <<
Height;
Cpolygon objB // True

…
} 7
CLASS & OBJECT MEMORY
ALLOCATION
Object 1 Object 2 Object 3

Data 1 Data 1 Data 1

Data 2 Data 2 Data 2

Function 1

Function 2

8
STATIC DATAS(IN CLASSE)
Object 2
Object 1 Object 3

Static members use the Normal data Normal data Normal data
access Secifiers of other
Data 1 Data 1 Data 1
members.
Data 2 Data 2 Data 2

Class A
{
… //public
Static data
Static int x;//declaration
Data 3
…
}; Data 4
int A::x = 0;//definition
Main()
{
cout << A::x; // access to static member
… 9
}
9
STRUCTURES & CLASSES
Difference between class and struct

 Structure members are by default public but in class members

are by default private.

 Structures inherited publicly by default but classes inherited

privately.

10
INHERITANCE

A
Single Inheritance
B C

Multiple inheritance B C

A 11
INHERITANCE(SINGLE) Derived Class

Base Class
Feature A

Base Class
Defined in
Feature A Feature B

Arrow means Derived from

Feature B Feature C

Derived Class
Defined in
Feature D
Feature C

class CPolygon
{
protected : int Wedth; int Height; CPolygon
public:
int Area()
{ }
int Draw() CRectangle
{ }
}; 12
class CRectangle : public CPolygon
{ };
INHERITANCE(SINGLE)
Access Specifier Class Base

Base class has no access

private
to derived class

Class Derived protected

private
public

protected
Base objB
public

Derived objD
13
INHERITANCE(SINGLE)
Constructors of derived class
If derived class has no
constructor compiler use
suitable constructor of
Class Cpolygon Base class.
{
protected : int Width; int Height;
public:
Cpolygon(int para1 , int para2) : Width(para1), Height(para2)
{ }
};
Class CRectangle: public Cpolygon
{
int ColorNmber;
public:
Crectangle(int para1 , int para2, int para3) :Cpolygon(para1, para2),ColorNumber(para3)
{ }
}

14
INHERITANCE(SINGLE)
Public & Private Inheritance class A

private

protected

Class B : public A
Class C: private A
public

NOT ALLOWED
private
private

protected
protected
A objA
public
public

Public & Private Inheritance

are methods that control
Objects accessibility to
B objB
parent public members. C objC 14
INHERITANCE(SINGLE)
Overloading functions in base and derived class

Class Cpolygon
{
…
public:
void Draw()
{ cout << “Drawing Cpolygon”<< “\n”;}
};
Class CRectangle : public Cpolygon
{
…
public:
void Draw()
{ // use the suitable draw steps }
}

Inplemention
…
CRectangle objREC; Cpolygon objPOL;
objREC.Draw(); objPOL.Draw();
…
15
INHERITANCE(MULTIPLE)
Base class A Base class B

Derived class C

class A Overloading functions in this kind

{ }; of inheritance is like single
class B inheritance.
{ };
class C : public A , public B
{ };

16
INHERITANCE(MULTIPLE)
Ambiguity
class A
{
public:
void show() { cout << “in A class”;};
};
class B
{
public:
void show() { cout << “in B class”;};
};
class C : public A , public B
{ // this class has no method with show() signature };
Implementation :
…
C object;
object.show(); // compile error
Object.A::show(); // True 17
Object.B::show(); // True
…
INCLUSIVE CLASSES

Class Bird
Class Wing
Class Wing

class wing
{ };
class bird
Class Hen {
…
wing obj; //bird has wing
Class Wing …
};
class hen : public bird
{ }; // hen derived from bird

18
POLYMORPHISM
Polymorphism

Dynamic Static

 Uses virtual function  Uses function overloading

members  Compile time
 Run-time
class Cpolygon
{
…
virtual void Draw() { } If you don’t use virtual keyword on base
… class function, call line of “for” statement
} will call the base class function in every
Cpolygon* ptrs[100]; step.
… // fill the ptrs[100]
for(int i=0 ; i<100 ; i++)
ptrs[i] -> draw();
19
COMPILERS
 Dev C++ (open source) - Free
 Microsoft Visual studio 2003 / 2005 / 2008 / 2010 - commercial
 Borland C++ builder - commercial
 Borland Turbo C++ explorer 2006 (Japanese , French , English ) - Free
 Apple C++
 IBM C++
 Intel C++ for Linux
 Sun Studio

20
REFERENCES

• Lefor, Robert W. Object Oreinted Programming in C++, 3rd ed.

• pratt, terans w. Programming language.
• www.wikipedia.com
• www.cplusplus.com

21
 ?
??
?
22