CH 06

Introduction to Information
Technology
2nd Edition
Turban, Rainer & Potter
© 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 6:
Telecommunications and
Networks
Prepared by:
Roberta M. Roth, Ph.D.
University of Northern Iowa
Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition

6-1
Chapter Preview
In this chapter, we will study:
The basic components of a telecomm
system
The technologies used in telecomm
systems
Various ways to configure networks
Various ways that businesses use
networks today

6-2
The Telecommunications System
The hardware and software that
transmits information from one
location to another
Components include:
Hardware Data comm
Media providers
Networks Protocols
Software Applications

6-3
Telecommunication Signals
Analog signals
Continuous waves
Information conveyed by changing
wave characteristics (amplitude and
frequency)
Digital signals
Discrete pulses
Information conveyed in binary form
(on or off pulses)
Easily understood by computer
6-4
Communication Processors
Hardware devices utilized in data
transmission and reception
Modem - device that converts
analog signals to digital (and vice
versa); enables signal transmission
over telephone system
Multiplexor - device that transmits
multiple signals over single medium
Front-end processor – specialized
computer dedicated to managing
communication tasks
6-5
Wire-based Communication Channels
Twisted-pair wire (telephone wire)
Cheap and easy to work with
Slow; subject to interference; low
security
Coaxial cable
Carries more data; shielded from
interference
More expensive; harder to work with;
low security
6-6
Wire-based Communication Channels
(continued)
Fiber-optic cable
Transmit information as light waves
through glass fiber
Fast; high-capacity; secure; not
subject to interference
Hard to work with

6-7
Wireless Communication
Channels
Microwave
High capacity; inexpensive relative to
wire
Requires line of sight transmission
towers; subject to environmental
interference
Satellite
Very high capacity; large coverage
area
Expensive; propagation delay;
6-8
requires encryption for security

Wireless Communication
Channels (continued)
Radio
Suitable for short distance
communication; inexpensive; easy to
install; high speed
Interference problems; insecure
Cellular radio technology
Infrared

6-9
Understanding Communication
Media
 Transmission speed
 Bandwidth – the range of frequencies
available in a channel
 More bandwidth, more channel capacity
 Transmission mode
 Character by character (asynchronous)
 Streams of characters (synchronous)
 Transmission accuracy
 Accuracy controls added to messages
 Error detection and correction required

6-10
Telecomm Carriers and Services
Telecomm carriers – provide
telecomm technology and services
for data communication
Common carriers – long-distance
phone companies
Value-added carriers – provide private
telecomm systems and services for a
fee

6-11
Telecomm Carriers and Services
(continued)
 Telecomm services
 Switched lines – transmission is routed
along path to destination
 Dedicated lines – continuous connection is
established
 Wide-area Telecomm Service (WATS) –
lower cost long distance telephone service
 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) –
high speed data transmission over existing
phone lines
 Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) - high speed
digital transmission over existing phone
lines
6-12
Network Basics
Network – the communication
devices, media, and software
needed to connect two or more
computer systems.
Local area networks (LANs) – a
network that spans a relatively
small geographic distance
Wide area networks (WANs) –
network that spans a large
geographic distance
6-13
Local Area Networks
Connect computers and other
devices enabling resource sharing
Variety of topologies can be used,
each with performance strengths
and weaknesses
Several LANs can be connected via
bridges
LANs can be connected to external
networks via gateways
6-14
Alternative LAN Topologies

6-15
LAN Basics
Required technology:
Cables or wireless technology
Network interface adaptor cards
Network management software
Chosen topology is implemented
by selection of software, interface
cards, and wiring strategy.

6-16
Wide Area Networks
Service provided by common
carriers
Internet is a public WAN
Value-added networks (VAN) –
private, data-only networks
managed by third party; accessed
via subscription.
Virtual private network (VPN) –
secure gateway between corporate
systems and the Internet.
6-17
Network Communication
Software
Needed to provide a number of
network functions:
Check for errors
Format messages
Maintain communication logs
Ensure data security and privacy
Provide message translation

6-18
Network Communication Software
(continued)
Components
Network Operating System – enables
all devices on network to
communicate
Network Management Software –
simplifies human network
management tasks
Protocols – specify rules that govern
device communication over the
network
6-19
(continued)
Types of Protocols
Ethernet
• Most common protocol
• May be 10BaseT (10 Mbps); Fast Ethernet
100BaseT (100Mbps); Gigabit Ethernet
(1Gbps)
Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP-IP)
• Sends large files accurately over different
systems
• Standard of the Internet

6-20
(continued)
Data Transmission Options to
improve network performance
Packet-switching
Frame relay
Fiber Distributed Data Interface
(FDDI)
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
Switched Hub Technologies
Synchronous Optical Network
(SONET)
6-21
Network Processing Strategies
IS managers strive to provide good
network response time and
network availability
Distributed processing enables
computers in various locations to
communicate over telecomm links
Terminal-to-host processing
File server processing
Client/server architecture and
processing
6-22
(continued)
Client/server processing
Applications can be divided into
presentation, applications, and data
management components
Components can be partitioned
between the server and the clients to
form different implementations

6-23
(continued)

6-24
(continued)
Peer-to-peer processing
Simplified form of client/server
Devices attached to network have
access to all other devices
No file server involved
Simple set up and maintenance
Implemented in many operating
systems such as Windows 2000 and
Windows XP
6-25
(continued)
Open Systems – ideal not fully
achieved
Any device can be seamlessly
connected to any other device,
regardless of size, operating system,
or application
Connectivity – ability of computer
resources to communicate without
human intervention
Enterprisewide network – spans
entire organization because of
open systems and connectivity
6-26
Telecomm Applications
 Electronic Mail –  Facsimiles –
computer-based electronic document
messaging
transmittal
 Videoconferencing –
group meetings between  Telecommuting –
separate locations working at home via
 Electronic Data telecomm links
Interchange –  Distance Learning
electronic transmission of
routine business – classes offered on
transactions same time/different
 Electronic Funds place, or different
Transfer – electronic time/ different place
processing of financial basis
transactions  Telematics
6-27
Chapter Summary
Components of a telecomm system
Types of communication media
used in telecomm systems
Types of networks
Ways to organize network
processing
Ways to utilize networks in
businesses today
6-28
Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction
or translation of this work beyond that permitted in Section 117 of the 1976
United Stated Copyright Act without the express written permission of the
copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further information should be
addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The
purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for
distribution or resale. The Publisher assumes no responsibility for errors,
omissions, or damages, caused by the use of these programs or from the
use of the information herein.

6-29

CH 06

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

CH 06

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Introduction to Information

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition

requires encryption for security

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen