PRESENTATION

ON

2.4GHZ RF TRANSCEIVER [USING CADENCE]

CONTENTS

Receiver Blocks (Details and Schematics) Receiver Schematic Receiver Waveforms Transmitter Blocks (Details and Schematics) Transmitter Schematic

Transmitter Waveforms

LNA DESIGN

A 2.4GHz LNA utilizing a cascode technique and a simple LC matching network is designed. LNA is the first level of the active receiver circuit; its performance is good or bad has a great impact on overall performance of the receiver. Negative feedback source inductance common source low noise amplifier (CS-LNA) because of its noise performance has been widely used.

Input matching network is designed using a simple LC network including external inductors and the transistor gate-source capacitor (Cgs) matched to 50 Ohms
Following are the simulation Results in Cadence S21 13.38 dB Noise Figure - 1.48 dB IIP3 (13.47dBm:-8.8dBr

LNA SCHEMATIC

MIXER DESIGN

A Gilbert Cell utilizing CMOS 180nm technology is designed Following are the frequencies that are chosen. A low pass RC filter is connected at the IF differential outputs. RF = 2.4GHz, LO = 2.5GHz, IF = 100MHz

Follow are the simulation results that are observed A conversion gain of 12.1dB is achieved [based on the transient response low pass output is 808mV while the RF input is 200mV. Conversion gain is 20*log (VIF/VRF)] A noise figure of 13.6dB at 100MHz (IF freq) is observed S-parameters are plotted (S22<-30dB, S11<-10dB, S13<-50dB, S31<-30db, S32<-20dB, S23<-20dB) where RF is port1, IF is port2 and LO is port3

MIXER SCHEMATIC

VCO DESIGN

A 2.4GHz VCO is designed utilizing a PMOS differential pair on the top of a NMOS cross coupled pair. Tuning is achieved using PMOS based transistor varactors. Following are the simulations results in Cadence Transient Analysis Frequency of the two differential outputs O1 and O2 is 2.39GHz

Amplitude at the outputs O1 and O2 is 1.9V

Output Spectrum When the control voltage is 1V, peak power of -0.7dBm is observed at 2.397 GHz Output Spectrum When the control voltage is 1.8V, peak power of -1.17dB is observed at 2.328 GHz

A phase noise of -95.28dBc/Hz is observed at 102.92 KHz offset and a phase noise of 131.63 dBc/Hz is observed at 3.14 MHz

VCO SCHEMATIC

RECEIVER

RECEIVER DESIGN

The single ended output from the LNA is converted to differential using a balun The differential Outputs from the VCO are connected to the LO+ve and LO-ve terminals of the mixer A low pass filter with a cut off frequency of 318MHz is connected at the differential ouputs Following are the frequencies that are chosen. A low pass RC filter is connected at the IF differential outputs. RF = 2.4GHz, LO = 2.3GHz, IF = 100MHz Following are the simulations results (Transient Analysis) in Cadence LNA Output 110mVpp, 2.4GHz VCO Output frequency 2.27GHz Mixer IF Outputs 0.85Vpp, 130MHz

RECEIVER SCHEMATIC
LNA Mixer VCO

SIMULATION RESULTS LNA OUTPUT

4mVpp, 2.4GHz

110mVpp, 2.4GHz

RF+ve

RF-ve

SIMULATION RESULTS VCO OUTPUT

2.27GHz

SIMULATION RESULTS MIXER OUTPUT

Before Filter Outputs

SIMULATION RESULTS MIXER OUTPTUT (AFTER LOW PASS)

After Filter Outputs

0.85Vpp 130MHz

IF1 - IF2

SIMULATION RESULTS RECEIVER

RF

LO

IF

TRANSMITTER

CLASS A POWER AMPLIFIER

Calculations: Gain = 2.79 Pout = (23.96)*(23.96)*50 = 28.7mW Pin = 48.2.*1.8 = 86.76mW

Efficiency (n) = Pout/Pin = 33.1%

PN = Pout/(VDSpk*iDmax) = 28.7/(3.55*74.11) = 0.109 Where PN is the normalized output power capability

CLASS A POWER AMPLIFIER - SCHEMATIC

TRANSMITTER DESIGN

The output of the mixer is connected to the Class A power amplifier The differential Outputs from the VCO are connected to the LO+ve and LO-ve terminals of the mixer Following are the frequencies that are chosen. RF = 2.4GHz, LO = 2.3GHz, IF = 100MHz Following are the simulations results (Transient Analysis) in Cadence IF inputs 0.5Vpp, 100MHz VCO Output frequency 2.3GHz Power Amplifier Output 2.35Vpp, 2.4GHz

TRANSMITTER SCHEMATIC
VCO Mixer Class A PA

TRANSMITTER SCHEMATIC (MODIFIED WITH FILTER)

VCO Mixer Class A PA

Filter

SIMULATION RESULTS RF INPUT

0.5Vpp, 100MHz

IF+ve

IF-ve

SIMULATION RESULTS VCO OUTPUT

2.3GHz

SIMULATION RESULTS MIXER OUTPUT

MIXER OUTPUT

SIMULATION RESULTS PA OUTPUT

2.35Vpp 2.4GHz

QUESTIONS ???

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