Asynchronous Transfer Mode (S-ATM)

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (S-ATM)
April 2001
Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium
S-ATM 1
S-ATM
Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium All rights reserved. This module, comprising presentation slides with notes, exercises, projects and Instructor Guide, may not be duplicated in any way without the express written permission of the Global Wireless Education Consortium. The information contained herein is for the personal use of the reader and may not be incorporated in any commercial training materials or for-profit education programs, books, databases, or any kind of software without the written permission of the Global Wireless Education Consortium. Making copies of this module, or any portion, for any purpose other than your own, is a violation of United States copyright laws.
Trademarked names appear throughout this module. All trademarked names have been used with the permission of their owners.
April 2001
S-ATM 2
S-ATM
Partial support for this curriculum material was provided by the National Science Foundation's Course, Curriculum, and Laboratory Improvement Program under grant DUE-9972380 and Advanced Technological Education Program under grant DUE-9950039. GWEC EDUCATION PARTNERS: This material is subject to the legal License Agreement signed by your institution. Please refer to this License Agreement for restrictions of use.
April 2001 Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium S-ATM 3
Table of Contents
Overview Learning Objectives ATM Basics ATM Packet Structure Packet Transport ATM Strengths and Weaknesses ATM Applications Contributors 5 6 7 18 32 39 42 44
April 2001
S-ATM 4
Overview
This module will address the following topics: ATM format ATM packet and cell structure Where ATM is used and why ATM strengths versus weaknesses
April 2001
S-ATM 5
Learning Objectives
After completing this module and all its activities, you will be able to:
Define ATM and its structure. Illustrate the packet structure utilized in ATM. Compare and contrast ATMs strengths and weaknesses. Give examples of why ATM is used and where its application is most beneficial.
April 2001
S-ATM 6
ATM Basics
April 2001
S-ATM 7
What is ATM?
ATM employs statistical multiplexing ATM is known as fast-packet switching
ATM services and the technology are often referred to as cell relay
ATM supports virtual connections
April 2001
S-ATM 8
Synchronous vs. Asynchronous
Fixed Interval
Fixed Interval
Irregular Intervals Irregular Intervals Irregular Intervals
April 2001
S-ATM 9
ATM = Standards
Click on the graphics in Slideshow mode to go to Websites!
April 2001
S-ATM 10
Why ATM?
10,000 Link Speed Mbps 1.5 10,000 45
Coaxial
Copper
Fiber
Network Speed Mbps
1.5 .064
Link Medium
PCM Voice
Frame Relay
April 2001
?
S-ATM 11
Quality of Service (QoS)
The performance characteristics specified for an end-to-end virtual connection to satisfy user requirements for a specific traffic type
April 2001
S-ATM 12
QoS Service Classes and Parameters

Service Class
Constant Bit Rate (CBR)
Variable Bit Rate Non-Real Time (VBRNRT)
QoS Parameter
Emulating circuit switching Cell rate is constant with time Sensitive to cell delay
Traffic rate can vary with time Utilizes statistical multiplexing
Variable Bit Rate Real Similar to VBR-NRT Time (VBR-RT) Does not require a timing relationship to be maintained end-toend Available Bit Rate (ABR)
April 2001
Rate-based flow control Aimed at data traffic (file transfers and email)
Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium S-ATM 13
ATM Traffic Contract

Traffic Contract
Whereas, the customer, hereafter known as the User, and the service provider, hereafter called the Network...
User
ATM Switch
User
April 2001
S-ATM 14
Traffic Enforcement
Traffic Policing
ATM Switch
Cells
Cells
Traffic Shaping
ATM Equipment
Core Switch
Video Codec
Edge Switch
Edge Switch
Feeder Switch
SAM
T1, Data, Frame Relay, Voice
Router, LAN LAN Sw itch
PBX
Frame Re lay T1 Data
PBX - Private Branch Exchange SAM - Service Access Multiplexor
April 2001
S-ATM 16
ATM Architecture
Application
Presentation
Session Transport Network AAL Data Link ATM AAL1 AAL2 AAL3/4 AAL5
Physical
April 2001
S-ATM 17
ATM Packet Structure
April 2001
S-ATM 18
Cells
. . .1 0 1 1 0 1. . . . . . . . . .0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1. . .
Header
Payload
48 bytes
Cell N+1
5 bytes
Cell N-1
Cell N
April 2001
S-ATM 19
Statistical Multiplexing and Packets
101101110101000
Header
Data
Trailer
Packet
April 2001
S-ATM 20
Packet Pieces - Header

Answer: I use the Packet Header. Question: How does Packet find its destination?
Packet Network
Packet Switch
ATM UNI Cell Header
GFC VPI
VCI
PTI CLP
HEC
40 Bits
April 2001
S-ATM 22
Generic Flow Control (GFC)
GFC VPI
VCI
PTI CLP
HEC
April 2001
S-ATM 23
Virtual Path Identifier (VPI)
GFC VPI
VCI
PTI CLP
HEC
April 2001
S-ATM 24
Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI)
GFC VPI
VCI
PTI CLP
HEC
April 2001
S-ATM 25
Payload Type Identifier (PTI)
GFC VPI
VCI
PTI CLP
HEC
April 2001
S-ATM 26
Cell Loss Priority (CLP)
GFC VPI
VCI
PTI CLP
HEC
April 2001
S-ATM 27
Header Error Check (HEC)
GFC VPI
VCI
PTI CLP
HEC
April 2001
S-ATM 28
Packet Pieces - Trailer

Transmit H 010 T Receive H 0 01 11 1 T
Error Check
April 2001
S-ATM 29
Frames
101101....00010111
Flag
Header
Trailer
Flag
Packet N = Frame N
April 2001
S-ATM 30
Cell Advantages and Disadvantages
ATM
X.25 Packet Frame Relay Packet
April 2001
S-ATM 31
Packet Transport
April 2001
S-ATM 32
Connectionless Transport
Terminal
Mainframe
April 2001
S-ATM 33
Connection-oriented Transport
Terminal
Mainframe
Virtual Connections
Connections
System Administrator
Terminal
Mainframe
April 2001
S-ATM 35
Permanent Virtual Connections
System Administrator
1. System Administration programs switches for VC 2. VC stays active indefinitely 3. User sends data at will
Switched Virtual Connections

2. Route through network established
1. Call set-up packet 3. User data packet 4. Call tear-down packet

Connection-oriented vs. Connectionless Networks

Connection-oriented Attribute
Connection Dedicated Bandwidth Transmission as Needed Call Set-Up Delay Data Transmission Delay Any-to-Any Connection Address Overhead Application Connectionless Yes No Yes No Medium No Low Short, bursty message Non real-time No PVC / Static Yes No Yes No Medium No Low Circuit emulation Possibly real-time Yes SVC / Dynamic Yes No Yes Yes Medium Yes Low Bursty Possibly real-time Yes
S-ATM 38
ATM
April 2001
ATM Strengths and Weaknesses
April 2001
S-ATM 39
Attractiveness of ATM
Speed
1.25, 25, 45, 100, 155 to 622 Mbps
Size
4, 16, 32, 100 to 1,000 ports
Distance
From 100 meters to global
Traffic types
Data, voice, video, and image
April 2001
S-ATM 40
Downside to ATM
High prices of early products High commercial stakes to install Full ATM can be technically complex Constant bit rate and variable bit rate are cumbersome Competition from other products and services
Virtual LANs over Ethernet Dedicated bandwidth with switched 10 Mbps Ethernet Multicast and bandwidth reservation from IP Next Generation and RSVP
April 2001
S-ATM 41
ATM Applications
April 2001
S-ATM 42
ATM in the Telco Space

Residential Broadband
ATM Backbone
Internet Backbone
April 2001
S-ATM 43
Industry Contributors
The following organizations provided materials and resource support for this module:
Ericsson (http://www.ericsson.com) ATM Fundamentals Tutorial contributed to the Web ProForum by Nortel Networks http://www.iec.org/tutorials/ http://www.nortel.com/ Telcordia Technologies, Inc. (http://www.telcordia.com)
April 2001
S-ATM 44
Individual Contributors
The following individuals and their organization or institution provided materials, resources, and development input for this module: Dr. Timothy Brown
Interdisciplinary Telecommunications Program; University of Colorado at Boulder (http://morse.colorado.edu/)
Dr. Larry Hash

SUNY Institute of Technology at Utica/Rome (http://www.cs.sunyit.edu)
Dr. Steven Jones

Center for Information and Communication Sciences; Ball State University (http://www.cics.bsu.edu)
Mr. Shaw-Kung Jong

Lucent Technologies (http://www.lucent.com)
Individual Contributors, cont.

Dr. Ramiro Jordn
Ibero-American Science and Technology Education Consortium (ISTEC)
(http://www.istec.org/)
University of New Mexico

(http://www.eece.unm.edu)
Mr. Richard Van Cleave

Nortel Networks (http://www.nortel.com)
Mr. Lawrence Whitby

DeVry Institute of Technology (http://www.devry.ca)
April 2001
S-ATM 46

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (S-ATM)

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (S-ATM)

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (S-ATM)

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

ATM employs statistical multiplexing ATM is known as fast-packet switching

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

Synchronous vs. Asynchronous

Irregular Intervals Irregular Intervals Irregular Intervals

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

Click on the graphics in Slideshow mode to go to Websites!

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

Network Speed Mbps

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

Quality of Service (QoS)

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

QoS Service Classes and Parameters

ATM Traffic Contract

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

T1, Data, Frame Relay, Voice

Router, LAN LAN Sw itch

Frame Re lay T1 Data

PBX - Private Branch Exchange SAM - Service Access Multiplexor

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

ATM Packet Structure

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

Statistical Multiplexing and Packets

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

Packet Pieces - Header

ATM UNI Cell Header

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

Generic Flow Control (GFC)

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

Virtual Path Identifier (VPI)

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI)

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

Payload Type Identifier (PTI)

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

Cell Loss Priority (CLP)

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

Header Error Check (HEC)

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

Packet Pieces - Trailer

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

Cell Advantages and Disadvantages

X.25 Packet Frame Relay Packet

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

Permanent Virtual Connections

Switched Virtual Connections

1. Call set-up packet 3. User data packet 4. Call tear-down packet

Connection-oriented vs. Connectionless Networks

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

ATM Strengths and Weaknesses

Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium