BIOMASS FUELLED POWER PLANTS

OUTLINES

Introduction Biomass and its sources Biomass power plant and its working Biomass power generation modes Social benefits Economic viability Prospective segments & challenges Conclusions References

INTRODUCTI ON
Enough Biomass resources in the world to cover the worlds energy demand.
Using Biomass sources for power generation is CO2 neutral.

WHAT IS BIOMASS ?

Biomass is a renewable energy source that is derived from living or recently living organisms. It is produced by metabolic activities of biological systems (plants and animals) and/or products of their decomposition or conversion The chemical and energetic value of those materials is based on the carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bond Biomass suitable for utilization must have a net heating value

SOURCES OF BIOMASS
Comes from the forest Can also come from plant and animal waste Wood and waste can be found virtually anywhere

OVERVIEW

Biomass can be chemically and biochemically treated to convert it to a energy-rich fuel.

Thermal energy is extracted by means of combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification.

Energy derived from biomass is mostly used to generate electricity or to produce heat.

KEY COMPONENTS OF BIOMASS POWER PLANT

Fuel storage and handling equipment Combustor / furnace Boiler Pumps Fans Steam turbine Generator Condenser Cooling tower Exhaust / emissions controls System controls (automated).

HOW DOES BIOMASS HOW IS ELECTRICITY GENERATED FROM POWERPLANT WORK BIOMASS

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION MODES

Different types of biomass power generation modes are

Combustion Gasification

combustion Mixed burning Gasification mixed burning

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION MODES

COMBUSTION

Biomass burned directly in boiler to produce steam to generate electricity Mature technology Low running cost Simple biomass pretreatment Low efficiency at small scale single biomass fuel large investment Large scale power generation

Main advantage

Disadvantage

Application

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION MODE

GASIFICATION COMBUSTION
solid

biomass breaks down to form a flammable

gas. Biomass gasified first and then fuel gas burned in gas turbine or engine

Gasification

Advantage
High efficiency at small scale Flexible in capacity Low investment

Disadvantage
Complex equipment High maintenance cost

Applications
Medium and small system Combined cycles , which combine gas turbines and steam turbines to produce electricity

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION MODE

MIXED BURNING

Biomass mixed with coal and burned in boiler

Main advantage
Simple and convenient operation Least investment if no reconstruction of existing device

Main disadvantage
Strict biomass pretreatment and quality Some impact on original system.

Application

Suitable for timber biomass.

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION MODES

Gasification mixed burning

Biomass gasified first and then fuel gas burned with coal in boiler
Universal application Low impact on original coal-fired system Economic benefit Complex management Certain metal erosion problem Power generation system for mass biomass.

Main advantage

Main disadvantage

Application

VARIOUS TECHNIQUES AND OPTIONS AVAILABLE

Biomass liquefaction via pyrolysis

A process similar to Gasification Heating of Hydrocarbons in zero oxygen condition Condenses the vapors to obtain Bio-oil (pyrolysis oil) Bio-oil is easily transportable, store and handle Can be combusted in boiler for heat or electrical generation

VARIOUS TECHNIQUES AND OPTIONS AVAILABLE

Organic plant based oil(crude palm oil-CPO)

Generation

of electricity using CPO.

Biogas anaerobic digestion.

a

type of fermentation that converts organic material into biogas. it mainly consists of methane (approximately 60%) and carbon dioxide(approximately 40%). Power generation using scrubbed methane gas.

SOCIAL BENEFITS OF BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

Biomass power generates electricity that is:

reliable, domestically produced, economically competitive and environmentally sustainable.

Since biomass energy uses domesticallyproduced fuels, biomass power:

greatly reduces our dependence on foreign energy sources, increases our national security and provides greater fuel diversity.

ECONOMIC BENEFITS

Minimizes cost involved with waste disposal Can generate money for community It provide job opportunity in rural areas Power from biomass gasifier based plants are cheap in rural areas Overall cost of installation, running, transmission, labor etc. per unit cost of electricity is low.

PROSPECTIVE SEGMENTS & CHALLENGES

Biomass Combustion power plant is attractive to:

Industrial Factories owners Plantation/Mill owners

Sugar cane (Bagasse) Rice (Rice Husks) Wood/Paper (Wood Wastes) Corn (Corn Wastes) Palm Oil (Empty Fruit Bunches, Shells) Cassava (Roots, Stems)

Able to supply both Electricity and Heat (steam) for factory use Main challenges:

securing the long term supply of Biomass fuel source at stable prices selling price of electricity, if connected to the grid to sell electricity

CONCLUSIONS

Uses low cost waste materials Recycling waste materials can be a solution to the problems with disposing of waste products Reduced dependence on foreign oil

Biomass plants operate in a reliable and consistent manner providing crucial base load power generation.

REFERENCES

Biomass power generation modes.

http://www.V-FLO.com

B H KHAN, Non-conventional energy resources , 3RD edition, pub. year 2006 Biomass energy www.amrenewables.com Pyrolysis and Other Thermal Processing. [U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Biomass Program]
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/printable_version s/pyrolysis.html