Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Your trainers
Hans Mol
MA Teacher, trainer, writer, producer IATEFLs YL SIG committee Young learner materials
Real English & Early Start (Holland), Take Shape (Mexico, Macmillan, 2010), Tricks (Eastern Europe), Rokus Klett, 2010; Onestopenglish; Next Stop (Mexico and Latin America, Macmillan); English Campus; Grammar for Young Learners (OUP); Supasongs (FracasEnglish)
Ma Xin
MA, PhD Candidate English teacher and teacher trainer at School of Foreign Languages and Literatures, Beijing Normal University research interests include in-service and pre-service teacher training teacher change ELT methodology materials development. In recent years, she has participated in a number of projects related to teacher development and textbook writing.
What is grammar? is the kind of question that seems easy to answer until somebody asks it. Michael Swan
What is grammar?
A
B C
a system of rules and tools a process that lets you communicate with other people an important professional skill for teachers
B C
the learn about the system of English to communicate in English to give me status as a teacher / to tell my students how English works
Grammar is emotion
Grammar is such a waste of time, lets get rid of it. Grammar is very, very important for the children.
With the rise of communicative methodology in the late 1970s, the role of grammar instruction in second language leaning was downplayed, and it was even suggested that teaching grammar was not only unhelpful but might actually be detrimental. However, recent research has demonstrated the need for formal instruction for learners to attain high levels of accuracy.
A Would you like some coffee? B Yes, I would like some of that coffee, please. A Do you take milk? B I dont take milk. But I will take one sugar, please. Thanks. A Would you like some of this toast? B Id prefer not to have any of that toast, thanks. ()
Grammatical complexity
Do you think you could open the door? Open the door. Would you mind opening the door? I wonder if you would be so kind as to open the door? Can you open the door? The door! I wonder if you would be so kind as to open the door? Would you mind opening the door? Do you think you could open the door? Can you open the door? Open the door. The door!
So
Is grammar less important for children than it is for adults? Is grammar only important for speaking and writing? Is grammar a thing or is it something that happens?
Scott Thornbury
Krashens viewpoint
to abandon grammar teaching teaching grammar results in learned knowledge, only available for monitoring utterances that learners produce using their acquired knowledge (limited value) teachers should concentrate on providing lots of comprehensible input so that learners can acquire a second language naturally like children acquiring their mother language.
Ellis viewpoint
To adapt grammar instruction to learners students are often convinced that learning grammar is of value to them and, therefore, expect the teachers to teach grammar Krashens claim that learners acquire grammar naturally is not entirely correct for second or foreign language learners. we should find a way of teaching grammar that is compatible with how learners learn grammar.
Tom Scovel
We must prioritize and not attempt to teach all of the grammar
E.g. past perfect tense infrequent in speaking or writing or science writing (except fiction)
What is easy to hear, and easy to see, is easy to remember, is easy to learn. Listen for grammar.
Ideally we should find a way of teaching grammar that is compatible with how learners learn grammar.
deductive method
How is it done?
The teacher Draws attention to an example on the board or in the textbook. Explains the underlying rules regarding the forms and positions of certain structural words
explanations often in students native language using grammatical terms. comparisons can be made between the native language and the target language or between the newly presented structure and previously learned structures.
The students Practise applying the rule to produce sentences with given prompts
Work in groups of four. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the three methods of teaching grammar.
Grammar practice
Mechanical practice Meaningful practice
Substitute the underlined part with the proper forms of the given words
green lawn/clean house/pretty garden/nice flowers
Change the following sentences into the past tense. Use the adverbs given in the brackets. Now he lives in London. (last year, Paris) We have English and math today. ( yesterday, music and P.E.) He usually gets up at seven. ( this morning, eight)
Using pictures prompts Using gesture prompts Using information sheets prompts Using key phrases or word prompts Using chained phrases for story telling Using created situations
Look at the table below. Rank the items on the left column according to the criteria listed on the top.
Cheap Beer Water Fruit Cigarette Alcohol Milk Healthy Tasty Fattening Important
Task types
Input tasks: seeing or hearing examples Noticing tasks: focusing Awareness tasks: analysing examples or looking for differences Check-up tasks: questions or mini-tasks Game tasks: playing with grammar Experimentation tasks: trying it out Listening or reading to comprehend Listen or reading to notice Understanding
Checking Trying
Input tasks
Input task
Input Practise Noticing Volume Repetition Success Heterogeneity Interest
Noticing tasks
Awareness task
A song A worksheet
Input Practise Noticing Repetition Success Heterogeneity Assistance Interest
Check-up tasks
Check-up tasks
Input Practise Noticing Repetition Success Heterogeneity Assistance Interest
Game tasks
Input Practise Noticing Repetition Success Heterogeneity Assistance Interest
Game tasks
Grammar for Young Learners, Gordon Lewis and Hans Mol, 2010
Experimentation tasks
Experimentation tasks
Input Practise Noticing Repetition Success Heterogeneity Assistance Interest
Conclusion
The understanding of how to teach grammar is just as controversial as what people feel about the value of grammar in language teaching. We believe that teaching grammar is necessary for foreign language learners and the three ways of teaching we introduced all have their merits and drawbacks. The best way is to vary methods according to our specific teaching objectives, teaching contents, students ages and needs, and our teaching and learning context.
We shouldn't lose sight of the one thing children do best: have fun.
Kenna Bourke
Session reflections
What is your opinion on the value of teaching and learning grammar? What have you learned from this session?