1 OWP112010 WCDMA Radio Network Coverage Dimensioning ISSUE1.22

www.huawei.
com
Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
WCDMA Radio
Network Coverage
Planning
Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Know the contents and process of radio network planning
Understand uplink budget and related parameters
Understand downlink budget and related parameters
Contents
1. WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process
2. R99 Coverage Planning

Capacity, Coverage, Quality
Capacity & Coverage
| Users | Cell Load | Interference
Level + Cell Coverage
| Cell Coverage Cell Load + Capacity +
Capacity & Quality
| Users | Cell Load | Interference
Level + Quality
| Quality ( BLERtar + ) + Capacity
Coverage & Quality
| Quality ( AMR | ) + Cell Coverage
Capacity
Quality
Coverage
COST
WCDMA Radio Network Planning
Process
Radio Network Planning (RNP) Process
Step1 : Radio network dimensioning
Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network
Step3 : Cell planning of radio network
Process
Step1 : Radio network dimensioning
Radio network dimensioning includes coverage
dimensioning and capacity dimensioning
Obtain the scale of sites and configuration according to
input requirements when the coverage and capacity are
balanced
Process
Input & output of radio network dimensioning
Capacity Related
-Spectrum Available
-Subscriber Growth
Forecast
-Traffic Density
Coverage Related
-Coverage Region
-Area Type Information
-Propagation Condition
QoS Related
-Blocking Probability
-Indoor Coverage
Input
Number of NodeB
Carrier configuration
CE configuration
Iub configuration

-Coverage Probability
Process
Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network Initial Site Selection
Based on RND, radio network pre-planning is intended to
determine:
Theoretical location of sites
Implementation parameters
Cell parameters
Process
Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network - Prediction
Based on RND result, sites location, implementation
parameters and cell parameters, we should predict coverage
results such as best serving cell, pilot strength, overlapping
zone
We should carry out detailed adjustment (such as NodeB
number, NodeB configuration, antenna parameters) after
analyzing the coverage prediction results
Finally ,we obtain proper site location and parameters that
should satisfy coverage requirement
Process
Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network - Prediction
Coverage by transmitter:
Display the best server
coverage
Coverage by signal level:
Display the signal level
across the studied area
Overlapping zones:
Display the signal level
across the studied area
Process
Step3 : Cell planning of radio network - Site Survey
We have to select backup location for site if theoretical location
is not available
Based on experience , backup site location is selected in
search ring scope , search ring =1/4R
Process
Step3 : Cell planning of radio network Simulation
U-Net use Monte Carlo simulation to generate user
distributions (snapshots)
By iteration, U-Net get the UL/DL cell load, connection status
and rejected reason for each mobile
The example of Monte Carlo simulation:
Process
The following takes coverage probability for an example to
further understand how Monte Carlo simulation is performed
100% 100% 20%
60%
0% 75% 40% 60%
Simulation
result
1st snapshot
3rd snapshot
2nd snapshot
Process
Step3 : Cell planning of radio network Simulation
Generate certain quantity of network instantaneous state (snapshot)
Obtain connection performance between terminals and UTRAN by
incremental operation
Process
Step3 : Cell planning of radio network - Simulation
Measure and analyze results of multiple snapshots to have a
overall understanding of network performance

Handover Status:
Display areas depending on the
probe mobile handover status
Pilot Quality (Ec/Io):
Displays the pilot quality across
the certain area
Pilot Pollution:
Displays pilot pollution statistics
across the certain area
Contents
1. WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process

Contents
2.1 Process of R99 Coverage Planning
2.2 R99 Uplink Budget
2.3 R99 Downlink Budget
Process of R99 Coverage Planning
Goal of R99 coverage planning
Obtain the cell radius
Estimate NodeB number that could satisfy coverage requirement
Start
Link Budget
Cell Radius
NodeB Coverage Area
NodeB Number
End
Propagation model
Path Loss
R
R
2
3 *
8
9
R Area =
2
3 *
2
3
R Area =
area coverage NodeB
area coverage Total
number NodeB
=
Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Propagation model
Propagation model is used for predicting the medium value of path loss.
The formula can be simplified under if the heights of UE and base station
are given

where: is the distance between UE and base station, and is the
frequency
Propagation environment affect the model, and the main factors are :
Natural terrain, such as mountain, hill, plain, water land, etc;
Man-made building (height, distribution and material);
Vegetation;
Weather;
External noise
Page19
) , ( f d f PathLoss =
d
f
Cost 231-Hata Propagation Model
L : average propagation loss
F : frequency
H : BTS height
C : correction factor
R : cell radius

L = 46.3 + 33.9 log(F) - 13.82 log(H) + (44.9 - 6.55 log(H))
log(R) - C
Path Loss Equation
Abbreviation
C = 4.78 (log(F))
2
+18.33 log(F) +40.94
C = 2 (log(F/28))
2
+5.4
C

= 0.09 log(F) - 1.85
C

=0.09 log(F) +1.15
Rural
Suburban
Urban
Metropolitan
Environment Correction Factor
Contents

Uplink Budget Principle
Cable Loss
Antenna Gain
NodeB
Sensitivity
Penetration
Loss
UE Transmit Power
UE Antenna Gain
NodeB Antenna Gain
SHO Gain against fast
fading
SHO Gain against Slow
fading
Slow fading margin
Fast fading margin
Interference margin
Body Loss
Cable Loss
Penetration Loss
Maximum
Allowed path loss
UPLINK BUDGET
Antenna Gain
NodeB reception sensitivity
SHO Gain
Margin
Loss
Element of Uplink Budget
1. UE_TransmissionPower ( dBm )
The UE maximum transmit power is determined by the power class
of the UE, which is specified by the 3GPP standard
The Class 4 UE, with maximum power 21 dBm, are normally
considered due to their popularity in the market
Grade of UE power TS 25.101 )
Power Class Nominal maximum output power Tolerance
1 +33dBm +1/-3dB
2 +27dBm +1/-3dB
3 +24dBm +1/-3dB
4 +21dBm +2/-2dB
2. Body Loss ( dB )
For voice, the body loss is 3 dB
For the other service , the body loss is 0 dB
3. Gain of UE TX Antenna ( dBi )
In general, the gain of UE antenna is 0 dBi

4. Penetration Loss ( dB )
Indoor penetration loss means the difference between the
average signal strength outside the building and the average
signal strength of first floor of the building
In terms of service coverage performance, micro-cells provide
an effective solution for achieving a high degree of indoor
penetration
5. NodeB_AntennaGain ( dB )

6. Cable loss ( dB )
- Cable loss between NodeB and antenna
- Jumper loss between NodeB and antenna
- Connectors loss between NodeB and antenna
Sector Type Gain of Antenna (dBi)
Omni 11
2 Sector 18
3 Sector 18
6 Sector 20
C
a
b
l
e

L
o
s
s

Path Loss and Fading
Path Loss - fading due to propagation distance
Long term (slow) fading - caused by shadowing
Short term (fast) fading - caused by multi-path propagation
7. Slow Fading Margin
Slow Fading Margin depends on
Coverage Probability @ Cell Edge
The higher the coverage probability is, the more SFM is required
Standard Deviation of Slow Fading
The higher the standard deviation is, the more SFM is required

Received Signal Level [dBm]
P
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

D
e
n
s
i
t
y

F
threshold
Coverage Probability @ Cell Edge:
P
COVERAGE
(x) = P [ F(x) > F
threshold
]
SFM required
Without SFM
With SFM
8. SHO Gain against Slow Fading
SHO reduces slow fading margin compared to the single cell case
SHO gain against slow fading can improve the coverage probability
SHO Gain against slow fading = SFM without SHO - SFM with SHO
SHO Gain Against SFM
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
98% 95% 92% 90% 85%
Standard deviation=11.7
Path loss slope=3.52
Area coverage probability
(dB)
9. Fast Fading Margin
Fast fading margin
required to guarantee fast power control
the factors affect FFM include channel model, service type, BLER
requirement
Uplink case: UE moves
towards the edge of the cell
Fast Fading Margin= Eb/No without fast PC - Eb/No with fast PC
10. SHO Gain against Fast fading
SHO gain against fast fading reduces the Eb/No requirement
SHO gain against fast fading leads to a gain for reception
sensitivity
SHO gain against fast fading exists for both uplink and
downlink (Typical value of SHO gain against FFM is 1.5dB)
SHO Gain Against Fast Fading = Eb/No without SHO Eb/No with SHO
11. Interference Margin in Uplink
Interference Margin is equal to Noise Rise

Higher cell load leads to heavier interference
Interference margin affects cell coverage

( ) | | dB Log NoiseRise
UL
q = 1 10
10
UL Load
N
o
i
s
e
R
i
s
e
(
d
B
)

Interference Curve in Uplink
50% UL Load 3dB
60% UL Load 4dB
75% UL Load 6dB
12. NodeB Reception Sensitivity

N
th
: Thermal Noise
NF: Noise Figure
Eb/No : required Eb/No to maintain service quality
PG: Processing Gain
PG N E NF N sitivity ceptionSen
b th
+ + =
0
/ Re
N
th
: Thermal Noise is the noise density generated by
environment and equals to:

KBoltzmann constant, 1.3810
-23
J/K
TTemperature in Kelvin, normal temperature: 290 K
WSignal bandwidth, WCDMA signal bandwidth 3.84MHz
N
th
= -108dBm/3.84MHz
) * * log( 10 W T K N
th
=
NF: Noise Figure :
For Huawei NodeB, latest NF is 1.6dB
For commercial UE, typical NF is 7dB.

PG: Processing Gain :
Processing gain is related with the service bearer rate, and the
detail formula is present below:
)
rate bit
rate chip
log( 10 Gain ocess Pr =
Eb/No is required bit energy over the density of total noise to
maintain service quality
Eb/No is obtained from link simulation
Eb/No is related to following factors
Service type
Multi-path channel model
User speed
The target BLER
Contents

Downlink Budget Principle
CableLoss
Antenna Gain
UE
Sensitivity
Penetration
Loss
NodeB Transmit Power
UE Antenna Gain
NodeB Antenna Gain
SHO Gain against fast
fading
SHO Gain against Slow
fading
Slow fading margin
Fast fading margin
Interference margin
Body Loss
Cable Loss
Penetration Loss
DOWNLINK BUDGET
Maximum
allowed path loss
UE reception sensitivity
Antenna Gain
SHO Gain
Margin
Loss
Element of Downlink Budget
Interference Margin in Downlink

Wherein, is non-orthogonality factor, f is the interference
ratio of other cell to own cell
Interference margin is equal to noise rise

( )
N
DL Max
N
other own N
N
total
P
CL P f No
P
I I P
P
I
NoiseRise
/ q o + +
=
+ +
= =
o
Interference Margin
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
120 125 130 135 140 145 150
IM(dB)
CL(dB)
=0.6, = 1.78,

PMax=20W,
o f
9 . 0 =
DL
q
Case Study : R99 Uplink Budget
Comment
Factors Scenario Dense urban
Continuous coverage service CS64
Sector type 3 sector
Enviorment outdoor
TMA used FALSE
Channel mode TU3
Max.TCH transmit power 21.00 a
Cable loss Tx (dB) 0.00 b
Body loss Tx (dB) 0.00 c
Antenna gain Tx (dB) 0.00 d
EIRP (Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power) 21.00 e=a-b-d+d
Antenna gain Rx (dB) 18.00 f
Cable loss Rx (dB) 3.34 g
Body loss Rx (dB) 0.00 h
Noise figure (dB) 4.94 i=g+1.6
Required Eb/No (dB) 2.80 j
Receiver sensitivity (dBm) -118.20 k=j+(-108.16+i)-10log(3840/64)
Actual load (%) 0.50 l
Interference margin (dB) 3.01 m=-10log(1-l)
SHO gain over fast fading (dB) 1.50 n
Fast fading margin (dB) 3.60 o
Min.signal reception strength (dBm) -128.09 p=k-f+m+n+o
Penetration loss (dB) 0.00 q
Slow fading standard deviation (dB) 10.00 r
Area coverage probability 0.95 s
Slow fading margin (dB) 6.57 t
Path loss (dB) 142.52 u=e-p-q-t
Uplink link budget
Case Study : R99 Downlink Budget
Comment
Factors Scenario Dense urban
Continuous coverage service CS64
Sector type 3 sector
Enviorment outdoor
TMA used FALSE
Channel mode TU3
Max.TCH transmit power 36.00 a
Cable loss Tx (dB) 3.34 b
Body loss Tx (dB) 0.00 c
Antenna gain Tx (dB) 18.00 d
EIRP (Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power) 50.66 e=a-b-d+d
Antenna gain Rx (dB) 0.00 f
Cable loss Rx (dB) 0.00 g
Body loss Rx (dB) 0.00 h
Noise figure (dB) 7.00 i=g+1.6
Required Eb/No (dB) 6.30 j
Receiver sensitivity (dBm) -112.64 k=j+(-108.16+i)-10log(3840/64)
Actual load (%) 0.75 l
Interference margin (dB) 4.58 m=-10log(1-l)
SHO gain over fast fading (dB) 1.50 n
Fast fading margin (dB) 1.70 o
Min.signal reception strength (dBm) -104.86 p=k-f+m+n+o
Penetration loss (dB) 0.00 q
Slow fading standard deviation (dB) 10.00 r
Area coverage probability 0.95 s
Slow fading margin (dB) 6.57 t
Path loss (dB) 148.95 u=e-p-q-t
Downlink link budget
Thank you
www.huawei.com

1 OWP112010 WCDMA Radio Network Coverage Dimensioning ISSUE1.22

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

1 OWP112010 WCDMA Radio Network Coverage Dimensioning ISSUE1.22

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

www.huawei.

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen