SIP, Session Initiation Protocol

Internet Draft, IETF, RFC 2543

Outline
Introduction SIP Components SIP Role SIP Addressing, Naming, Locating, Messages Request and Response Method SIP Services

Introduction
The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is an application-layer control (signaling) protocol for creating, modifying and terminating sessions with one or more participants. Include Internet multimedia conferences, Internet telephone calls and multimedia distribution.

Introduction (cond)
Interoperability
Between Multiple Equipment Vendors

Client-Server Model Extensibility

Text-based Encoding

Transport Independence
UDP or TCP

SIP Components
User Agents
Being end systems that act on behalf of a user
Clients(UAC) to initiate a SIP request and servers(UAS) to receive the request and return responses

Servers
Proxy Redirect Registrar: tracking user locations

SIP Role
SIP Proxy
SIP

MGC
MEGACO/ MGCP

MGC
MEGACO/ MGCP

IP Network

PSTN

MG

RTP

MG

PSTN

Addressing and Naming

The entities addressed by SIP are users at hosts (SIP URL)
email-like identifier of the form user@host

Examples
sip:kehung@vc.cs.nthu.edu.tw sip:operator@cs.columbia.edu

Locating
Server
IP address name@domain-> DNS

User
Proxy server
It can send the request in sequence or in parallel to the locations listed.

Redirect server
It can return a response with the list placed in contact headers. Then the client can send directly to the uses location.

SIP Messages
Two kinds of SIP messages
Request and Response

The generic-message format

Start-line
Method, SIP Version,...

Headers An Empty Line

Indicating the end of the header fields

Message Body
Session Description Protocol (SDP) : Optional

Header Fields
General
Apply to both request and response messages

Entity
Define information about the message body

Request
Allow the client to pass additional information about the request

Response
Allow the server to pass additional information about the response

SIP Headers
General-headers Entity-headers Request-headers Response-headers Call-ID Content-Encoding Accept Allow Contact Content-Length Accept-Encoding ProxyAuthentication Cseq Content-Type Accept-Language Unsupported Date Authorization Warning Encryption Hide Expires Max-Forwards From Organization Record-Route Priority To Proxy-Authentication Via Proxy-Require Require Response-Key Subject User-Agent

Request Method
INVITE
The user is being invited to participate in a session.

ACK
The client has received a final response to an INVITE.

BYE
The client wishes to release the call.

CANCEL
It cancels a pending request (not completed request).

REGISTER
It conveys the users location information to a SIP server.

Request Example
INVITE sip:cycho@vc.cs.nthu.edu.tw SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP tpts7.seed.net.tw From: <sip:kuann@seed.net.tw> To: C.Y.Cho <sip:cycho@vc.cs.nthu.edu.tw> Call-ID: 0926225561@tpts7.seed.net.tw Cseq: 1 INVITE Content-Length:

Response Messages
1xx 2xx 3xx 4xx 5xx 6xx Informational Success Redirection Client Error Server Error Global Failure Provisional Final Final Final Final Final

Response Example
SIP/2.0 200 OK Via: SIP/2.0/UDP vc.cs.nthu.edu.tw Via: SIP/2.0/UDP tpts7.seed.net.tw From: Fingal <sip:kuann@seed.net.tw> To: Patric <sip:cycho@vc.cs.nthu.edu.tw> Call-ID: 0926225561@tpts7.seed.net.tw Cseq: 1 INVITE Content-Type: applcation/sdp Content-Length:

Invitation for SIP Proxy

example.com
location server

fiction.com
ffl@fiction.com (1) INVITE pgn@example.se (7) 200 OK (8) ACK pgn@example.se science.fiction.com

(3) pgn@pepperoni

(2) pgn

pepperoni

(4) INVITE pgn@pepperoni (6) 200 OK sippo (9) ACK pgn@pepperoni

pgn@pepperoni

(5)

Invitation for Redirect Server

example.com
location server

fiction.com
ffl@fiction.com (1) INVITE pgn@example.se (4) 302 Moved temporarily
Contact: pgn@pepperoni.example.se

(5) ACK pgn@example.se science.fiction.com

sippo pepperoni

(6) INVITE pgn@pepperoni.example.se (7) 200 OK (8) ACK pgn@pepperoni.example.se

pgn@pepperoni

(3) pgn@pepperoni

(2) pgn

SIP Services
Similar to the Intelligent Network (IN) services
Call Transfer, Call Forwarding, Conference Calling, User Mobility

SDP
Session Description Protocol It includes:
Session Name and purpose Time (the session is active) The media comprising the session How to receive those media (e.g. addresses, ports, formats and so on).

Additional information can be

The bandwidth to be used by the conference