MySQL Tutorial 1 How to Use MySQL

CSCI 2140 TA: Jiye Li jiye@cs.dal.ca May 26, 2005 http://flame.cs.dal.ca/~jiye/CSCI2140/

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Agenda

Getting familiar with our network system Introducing MySQL SQL basics

create, add, select, modify, delete

Exercises (see handout)

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How to Login to MySQL

D:\Documents and Settings\alumno>cd D:\Archivos de programa\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.0\bin

D:\Archivos de programa\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.0\bin>mysql -u root proot

mysql>

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How to get a UNIX account

Sun workstation or ssh program (putty)

Log into torch.cs.dal.ca Username: discover Passwd: query Enter your student number

Ask Help Desk

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How to get a Windows account

Username: the same as torch account Password: student ID number. Dont forget B is capitalized.

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What is MySQL?

MySQL is a database management system (DBMS) for relational databases Online Manual

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/ Each user ID stands for a database Create tables under this database

MySQL is installed on torch

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How to Login to MySQL

Go on torch.cs.dal.ca Run mysql to login

Lower case

Student ID torch: ~$ mysql -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 123943 to server version: 4.0.12
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. mysql>
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How to Logout

Use the command exit or quit

torch: ~$ mysql -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 123975 to server version: 4.0.12 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. mysql> exit Bye torch: ~$
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Use your database

torch: ~$ mysql -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 125213 to server version: 4.0.12 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. mysql> use jiye; Database changed mysql>
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After login MySQL, use your own database before creating tables

Your user ID
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SQL Basics

Suppose we would like to create a few tables, such as employee table, employer table and payment table, representing a database about employee information.

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How to write commands in MySQL

How to create a table

Primary Keys and Foreign Keys

How How How How

to to to to

add records select records modify records delete records

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DDL: How to create tables

Use create create table <table_name> (column_name data_type [not null] , column_name data_type [not null], primary key (column_name)); To show the structure of the table describe <table_name>;
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Example
mysql> create table employee ( empno smallint(4) not null auto_increment, name char (8) not null, job char (4) , salary int (8) not null, deptno int (4) not null, primary key (empno) );
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Primary Key

Primary Key is a column or set of columns Uniquely identifies the rest of the data in any given row. For Example: in the employee table, employee number is the primary key.

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Foreign Key

A foreign key is a column in a table This column is a primary key of another table Any data in a foreign key column must have corresponding data in the other table
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/innodb-foreign-keyconstraints.html

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Foreign Key

The goal of using foreign keys is that, tables can be related without repeating data Note that foreign keys in SQL are used to check and enforce referential integrity, not to join tables. If you want to get results from multiple tables from a SELECT statement, you do this by performing a join between them:
SELECT * FROM t1, t2 WHERE t1.id = t2.id;
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Example Create table with employee2 foreign keys

create table employee2 ( empno smallint(4) not null, salary float, primary key (empno) ) Engine = innodb;

empno (PK)
100 200 300

salary
200.85 129.54 98.17

create table employer ( id smallint(4), employee_no smallint(4), index employ_ind (employee_no), foreign key(employee_no) references employee2(empno) on delete cascade) Engine=innodb;
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employer
id 51 52 employee_no(FK) 100 100

53
54

200
300
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The Syntax of a Foreign Key Constraint Definition

[CONSTRAINT [symbol]] FOREIGN KEY (index_col_name, ...) REFERENCES table_name (index_col_name, ...) [ON DELETE {CASCADE | SET NULL | NO ACTION | RESTRICT}] [ON UPDATE {CASCADE | SET NULL | NO ACTION | RESTRICT}] Both tables have to be InnoDB type InnoDB provides MySQL with a transaction-safe storage engine with commit, rollback, and crash recovery capabilities. http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/innodboverview.html
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The Syntax of a Foreign Key Constraint Definition

InnoDB rejects any INSERT or UPDATE operation that attempts to create a foreign key value in a child table without a matching candidate key value in the parent table.

CASCADE: Delete or update the row from the parent table and automatically delete or update the matching rows in the child table. SET NULL: Delete or update the row from the parent table and set the foreign key column(s) in the child table to NULL. This is only valid if the foreign key columns do not have the NOT NULL qualifier specified. NO ACTION: NO ACTION means no action in the sense that an attempt to delete or update a primary key value will not be allowed to proceed if there is a related foreign key value in the referenced table. RESTRICT: Rejects the delete or update operation for the parent table. NO ACTION and RESTRICT are the same as omitting the ON DELETE or ON UPDATE clause. (Some database systems have deferred checks, and NO ACTION is a deferred check. In MySQL, foreign key constraints are checked immediately, so NO ACTION and RESTRICT are the same.) SET DEFAULT: This action is recognized by the parser, but InnoDB rejects table definitions containing ON DELETE SET DEFAULT or ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT clauses.
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MySQL Table Types

If we want to use Foreign Key

InnoDB tables Default table type, MyISAM

Otherwise

In SQL queries you can freely mix InnoDB type tables with other table types of MySQL, even within the same query.
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How to add records

Use insert insert into <table_name> values (column_value, , column_value);

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Example
insert into employee values (1000,'Wilson','Clrk',1700,10); insert into employee values (1001,'Smith','Slsm',2500,40); insert into employee values (1003,'Reed','Anlt',3500,30); insert into employee values (1005,'Watson','Mngr',4500,30); insert into employee values (1009,'Allen','Mngr',3800,40); insert into employee values (1010,'Turner','Clrk',1800,50); insert into employee values (2000,'Chen','Mngr',2900,10); insert into employee values (2100,'Ramirez','Mngr',3650,50); insert into employee values (2130,'McDonnel','Clrk',1625,60); insert into employee values (2140,'Simpson','Drvr',825,60);

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Example On Slide 17
insert into employee2 values (100, 200.85); insert into employee2 values (200, 129.54); insert into employee2 values (300, 98.17); insert insert insert insert into into into into employer employer employer employer values values values values (51, (52, (53, (54, 100); 100); 200); 300);

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How to Select Records

select * from <table_name>; select * from <table_name> where <column_name> = <qualifier>; select * from <table_name> where <column_name> = <qualifier> order by <column_name>; select <column_name, > from <table_name>; select <distinct column_name, > from <table_name>
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Example
select * from employee; select * from employee where empno = 1000; select * from employee where job = 'Clrk' order by salary; select name, empno from employee; select job from employee; select distinct job from employee;

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Example On Slide 17
select empno from employee2; select empno from employee2 where salary >=50 and salary < 150; select * from employee2, employer; select id, empno from employer m, employee2 n where m.employee_no = n.empno;

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How to Modify Records

Use update to modify attribute values of (some) tuples in a table update <table_name> set <column i > = <expression i>, , <column j> = <expression j> [where <condition>];

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Example
update employee set job = Drvr, deptno = 20 , salary = salary + 1000 where name = 'Reed; update employee set salary = salary * 1.15 where deptno in (10, 40);

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How to Delete Records

Use delete delete from <table_name> [where <condition>];

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Example
delete from employee where salary < 2000; delete from employee;
Note: this command will delete all the records in the employee table.
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Tip1: How to Load Command

Execute a SQL script file. Take a file name as an argument.

Save SQL commands into a file <name> Execute the commands:

mysql> source <name>;

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Example

In file temp.sql select * from employee; select name from employee where salary < 3000; mysql> source temp.sql;

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Tip2: How to Save Results

Save results

tee <file> Set outfile. Append everything into given outfile <file>. All the information displayed on screen is stored in <file>.

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Example
mysql>tee result; mysql> select * from employee; mysql> notee; mysql> exit torch: ~$ cat result mysql> select * from employee; EMPNO NAME JOB SALARY DEPTNO ---------- -------- ---- ---------- ---------1000 Wilson Clrk 1720 10 1001 Smith Slsm 2500 40 10 rows selected. mysql> notee; torch: ~$
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Appendix: MySQL Data Types

Type
tinyint[Length] float

Size
1 byte 4 bytes

Description
Range of 128 to 127 A small number with a floating decimal point In the format of YYYY-MM-DD In the format of HH:MM:SS A fixed-length field from 0 to 255 characters long
35

Date Time varchar[Length]

3 bytes 3 bytes String length + 1 byte

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Appendix: MySQL under Unix

A few commands

use username; show tables; show columns from employee; help; exit; SQL commands (select, insert, delete,)

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Appendix: MySQL under Unix

A few commands

SHOW DATABASES use mysql SHOW VARIABLES; SHOW VARIABLE LIKE 'a%; CREATE DATABASE PRACTICA1 CREATE SCHEMA PRACTICA2 DESCRIBE EMPLOYEE; SHOW CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE May 26, 2005 MySQL Tutorial - 1

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Appendix: MySQL under Unix

SELECT @@ROWCOUNT

mysql> SELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS * FROM my_table;

mysql> SELECT FOUND_ROWS();

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Appendix: MySQL Control Center

Graphical user interface (GUI) to the MySQL database server Supports interactive use, including syntax highlighting and tab completion Download from

http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/other/my sqlcc.html
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Appendix: MySQL Control Center

Student ID

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