OMA003001 GSM Signalling System - First Level ..

OMA003001 GSM Signalling System-MTP
ISSUE 2.0
Wireless Curriculum Development Section
Course Objectives
Upon completion of this course, the trainees should be able to

Understand the basic concepts in CCS7 Understand the important composition of CCS7 signaling units Understand the basic signaling procedure of CCS7
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Course Arrangement
Section 1 Basic Concepts in CCS7

Part 1 Signaling
Part 2 CCS7 Signaling Network

Part 3 Hierarchy of CCS7 Signaling System
Section 2 Signaling Units

Section 3 Signaling Procedure
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Definition of signaling
All the control signals used within or between communication equipment, whose function are to set up communication; Signals except bearer information (voice information and non-voice information), which are used to control the action of the exchange.
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Classification of signaling: According to working location
? Subscriber line signaling: between

subscriber and the exchange;
? Interoffice signaling: between exchanges.
subscriber line signaling
exchan ge
interoffice signaling
exchan ge
subscriber line signaling

5
Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission.
Security Level: Internal
Classification of signaling: According to signaling channels
switching equipment
signaling information carried by speech channel
switching equipment
signaling equipment
signaling equipment
a. CAS(Channel associated signaling):

CAS is composed of line signal and register signal. For CAS, the signaling channel is combined with the bear information channel (refers to register signal) or the two have fixed correspondence (refers to line signal).
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Classification of signaling: According to signaling channels
switching equipment speech channel signaling equipment
switching equipment
dedicated channel for carrying signaling
signaling equipment
b. CCS(Common channel signaling):

the signaling of a group of voice channels are transmitted on a common high speed data link in the form of time multiplexing.
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The comparison of CAS and CCS

1) CAS:
multi - frequency in - band signals, small information volume mutual - control transmission and receiving, slow speed no signaling channel during conversation
2) CCS:
packet data signal, large information volume non - mutual - control mechanism, fast speed independent data link for signaling, signaling could be transmitted during conversation wide application area, suitable for future development ? require low error - code - ratio ? require conduction check of the voice channels Please press button
to continue your study.

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Course Arrangement

part 1 Signaling
part 2 CCS7 Signaling Network

part 3 Hierarchy of CCS7 Signaling System

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Definition of CCS7 signaling network
In CCS7, signaling links are independent of voice channels. These signaling links form a network dedicated to the transmission of signaling, the so called CCS7 signaling network. It is a multifunctional supporting network, can be used in telephone network, circuit-switch data network, ISDN network, and intelligent network, etc.. Fundamentally, CCS7 signaling network is a packet switching data network used for dedicated purpose.
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Existing CCS7 signaling networks
Three supporting networks (in contrast to service networks):

CCS7 signaling network; synchronization network; telecommunication management network(TMN).
The existing CCS7 signaling networks

International network, International reserved network, national network, national reserved network.
In CCS7, each message carries a field called NI (network indicator) to indicate which of the four networks this message works in.
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Three elements in a CCS7 signaling network

A CCS7 signaling network is composed of three elements:
Signaling Point (SP), Signaling Transfer Point (STP) and Signaling Link.
As shown in the figure on the right, in a CCS7 signaling network, SP is represented by a circle, STP is represented by a square, link is represented by a dashed line, voice path is represented by a solid line.
SP
SP
Link
Link
STP
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1) SP (Signaling Point)
SP is the originating or destination point of a CCS7 message. In each signaling network, a SP has an exclusive signaling point code: SPC (14 bits). Since the four signaling networks assign the SPCs independently, only NI+SPC can uniquely locate a SP. Notes: In data setting we usually describe SPC in Hex. Following are some examples of SPC shown in binary and hex. SPC (binary) SPC (Hex) 00 0000 1011 0101 00b5 10 0011 1101 0111 23d7
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OPC and DPC (1)
DPC: Destination Point Code OPC: Originating Point Code

A message going from one SP to another SP should bearing the SPC of the originating SP and the terminating SP, which are called OPC and DPC respectively. If we compare sending a message to sending a letter, OPC and DPC are similar to the sender's address and receiver's address.
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2) STP (Signaling Transfer Point)

STP is the network node which transfers CCS7 messages.
3) Link
Link is the data channel which connects the nodes (SPs and STPs) in CCS7 signaling network. Digital link, 64 kb/s
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Working modes of CCS7 signaling network
Working mode refers to the relationship between the signaling link and the voice channels the link serves. Presently two modes are in use:
1) Associated mode
The messages between two adjacent points are conveyed over a link-set directly interconnecting those signaling points, i.e., the link is parallel to the voice path.
SP A
SP B
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Working modes of CCS7 signaling network
2) Quasi-associated mode
In the quasi-associated mode the message which is going to arrive at a SP goes through a one or more STPs. path
which is predetermined and via
STP
SP
SP B
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When the links between any two offices are transferred by a STP, how will be the link path?
STP
SP A
SP B
Tandem C
Remember, the sole purpose of using signaling is to serve the voice path.
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When the links between any two offices are transferred by a STP, how will be the link path?
STP
SP A
SP B
Tandem C
Note: the arrows show the paths that signaling messages go through. Remember, a signaling path always starts from one end of the voice path it is going to serve, and ends up at the other end of the voice path.
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OPC and DPC (II)
In the following two figures, what's the DPC and OPC of the messages?
Tandem Office
SPB
MSU1 OPC=? DPC=?
MSU2 OPC=? DPC=?
: voice path : signaling link
STPB
MSU1 OPC=? DPC=? MSU2 OPC=? DPC=?
SPA
SPC
SPA
SPC
(a)
(b)
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OPC and DPC (II)
Answer:
Tandem Office
SPB
MSU1 OPC=A DPC=B MSU2 OPC=B DPC=C
: voice path : signaling link
STPB
MSU OPC=A DPC=C
MSU OPC=A DPC=C
SPA
SPC
SPA
SPC
(a)
(b)
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Course Arrangement

part 1 Signaling


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Hierarchy of CCS7 signaling system
The hierarchy of CCS7 system can be functionally divided into two parts, i.e. Message Transfer Part (MTP) and User Part (UP).
1) MTP (Message Transfer Part)

The Message Transfer Part (MTP) provides the functions that enable User Part's significant information to be transferred across the signaling network to the required destination. In addition, functions are included in the MTP to overcome network and system failures that would affect the transfer of signaling information.
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Hierarchy of CCS7 signaling system

2) UP (User Part)
The User Part (UP) is the "user" of MTP. It includes TUP (Telephone User Part), ISUP (ISDN User Part),
etc.
In the following, our explanation will focus on TUP, which transmits and
UP
T U P
receives interoffice control signals

to/from the MTP for telephone calls during call process.
MTP
The figure on the right describes the

relation between UP and MTP.
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Three levels of MTP
MTP could be further divided into 3 levels, namely, level 1-- signaling data link, level 2 -- signaling link, level 3 -- signaling network.These three levels are similar to the first three levels of OSI model.
1) Level 1: Signaling Data Link

A signaling data link is a bi-directional transmission path for signaling, comprising two data channels operating together in opposite directions at the same data rate. It constitutes the lowest functional level (level 1) in the Signaling System No. 7 functional hierarchy.
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Three levels of MTP
2) Level 2: Signaling Link The second level provides such functions as signal unit delimitation, signal unit alignment, error detection, error correction, initial alignment, signaling link error monitoring and flow control. It, working together with level 1, ensures the reliable transmission of messages between two adjacent SPs.
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Three levels of MTP
3) Level 3: Signaling Network

Functions on this level include signaling message handling and signaling network management. In the transmission of messages, the function of signaling message handling sends the messages to the proper link or user part; while when malfunctions come up, the network management function realizes the reorganization of the signaling network, and when congestion appears, the network management function carries out flow control at the network level, so as to ensure the reliable transmission of signaling under extreme conditions.
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The 4-level structure of CCS7 system

SP A User Part SP B User Part
Message Distribution
L4
Logical channel
L3 Signaling Network
Logical channel
Logical channel Physical channel
Signaling Network
Message Discrimination Message Routing
L2
Signaling Link
Signaling Link
L1 Signaling Data Link
Signaling Data Link

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The distribution of CCS7 system in C&C08
AM/CM
SM
SM
OPT
OPT MPU LPN7 BNET DT
LINKS
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LEVEL 4 LEVEL 3 LEVEL 2
MPU
LEVEL 4
LEVEL 1
Course Arrangement

part 1 Signaling


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Definition of CCS7 signaling unit
Signaling unit (SU) is the minimum unit used to carry the various signaling messages in CCS7 signaling system.
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The classification of signaling units--According to the sources
1. MSU (Message Signaling Unit)

Used to transfer the signaling message from the 4th level or the signaling network management message from the 3rd level.
2. LSSU (Link Status Signaling Unit)

Originating and terminating at the 3rd level, it carries no detailed signaling message, used to indicate the link status when the link is put into use or malfunctions, so as to set up or recover the signaling links.
3. FISU (Fill-in Signaling Unit)

Originating and terminating at the 2nd level, it is used to fill in the vacant locations when the link is free or congested, so as to keep the link in the status of communication, and sometimes it is also used to confirm the receive of message from the opposite side.
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The structure of MSU, LSSU and FISU
F 8
CK
16
SIF 8n(n2)
SIO 8 2
LI 6
FIB 1
FSN 7
BIB 1
BSN 7
F 8 Sending Direction
Structure of MSU
F 8 CK 16 SF 8 2 LI 6 FIB 1 FSN 7 BIB 1
BSN
7
F 8 Sending Direction
Structure of LSSU
F 8
CK 16 2
LI 6
FIB 1
FSN 7
BIB 1
BSN 7
F 8
Structure of FISU
Sending Direction
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Important fields in TUP MSU-- CIC, SLC
CIC: Circuit Identification Code (12 bits) SLC: Signaling Link Code (4 bits)
switching equipment speech channel signaling equipment signaling equipment
switching equipment
link
As shown in the above figure, there are multiple circuits (e.g.. one time slot is one circuit) connecting two adjacent SPs. To distinguish them, we should assign each of them a code, CIC. So CIC is unique in each direction, and is coded in 12 bits. Therefore, in each direction we can have as many as 212=4096 circuits, and the value range of CIC is [0~4095].
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7 bits
PCM system number
5 bits
PCM time slot number
CIC
Correspondence and E1:
of
CIC
CIC
E1#1
E1#0
TS0 TS1
CIC
0000000 00000 0000000 00001
0000001 00000 TS0 0000001 00001 TS1
For E1, the lowest 5 bits of CIC represent PCM time slot number, and the higher 7 bits represent PCM system number.
0000001 11111 TS31
TS31
0000000 11111
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Similarly, if there are multiple links connecting two adjacent SPs, to distinguish them, we should assign each of them a code, SLC. So SLC is unique in each direction, and is coded in 4 bits. Therefore, in each direction we can have as many as 24=16 links, and the value range of SLC is [0~15].
one direction
local SP
CIC=0, CIC=1,
CIC=0, CIC=1,
CIC=m2 SLC=0, SLC=1, SLC=n2
another direction
. .
CIC=m1
. . . . .
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SLC=0, SLC=1, SLC=n1
. .
Dual seizure
Different from CAS, in CCS7 we usually use bi-directional trunk circuits. This induces the possibility of selecting the same circuit from the two offices at the same time, which is called "dual seizure". To prevent this, for each circuit, we assign its "master" control right to one office, and the "non-master" or "slave" control right over this circuit to the office at the other end. Usually we assign the master control rights according to the circuit's CIC number : if the CIC number is even then its master control right is given to the office which has larger SPC (Signaling point code), and if the CIC number is odd then its master control right is given to the office which has smaller SPC. Following is an example of CIC and master right distribution.
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Dual seizure
SP A SPC=0002
0 1 2 master slave master slave 0 master 1 slave 2
SP B SPC=0001
2n 2n+1
master slave
slave
2n
master 2n+1
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Dual seizure
The principle to avoid dual seizure:
When the local office wants to make an outgoing call, it first tries those circuits on which it has master control right; only when all these circuits are busy, will the local SP try the circuits it has slave control right. So when the slave circuits are to be selected, the possibility of "dual seizure" rises again. Hence different "circuit selection modes" are used: for the circuits on which the local office has master control right, "FIFO" mode is adopted, which means the circuit bearing the longest idle period will be selected; while for the circuits on which the local office has slave control right, "LIFO" mode is adopted, which means the circuit bearing the shortest idle period will be selected. In this way, most of the danger of "Dual seizure" can be avoided.
To be continued...
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Dual seizure
The principle to avoid dual seizure:

But still there is an extreme occasion when there is only one idle circuit left for selection from both sides. Then if both sides try to use this circuit at the same time, the possibility of dual seizure rises again. In this case, the principle is the "slave" side should give way to the "master" side.
Please press button

to continue your study.

40
Course Arrangement

part 1 Signaling


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Basic signaling procedure
SPA IAM (6660008)

IAM: initial address
the caller listen to the ring back tone
SPB
message, the part or all of the called number are sent in this message ACM: address complete
ACM ANC communication
the called phone rings the called party pick up the phone
message ANC: answer signal, charge CLF: clear forward message RLG: release guard signal
the caller hooks on first
CLF
RLG
After hearing the busy tone, the called party hooks on. 42
Call connection through tandem office

LE
IAM* (66) SAM ( or . SAO ) (60)
TM
LE
SAM: Subsequent address message, following IAM, used to send the subsequent digits of the called number which haven't been sent by IAM. SAO: Subsequent address message with one signal. Similar to SAM, but can send only one digit. CBK: Clear backward signal
SAO (8) IAM** (6660008) ACM ACM ANC conversation CBK CBK CLF CLF RLG ring back tone ANC
the called party hooks on first
RLG
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Send caller number initiatively

the originating toll office
IAI(66, 8880003) SAM( or SAO) (60)
LE
the destination toll office
the called party pick up the phone
the called phone rings
. .
SAO (8) IAM**(6660008) ACM ACM
IAI : Initial address message with addtional information. If the caller number is to be sent initiatively, IAI is used.
ring back tone ANC

ANC conversation CLF CLF RLG RLG
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The opposite office ask for caller number (e.g.,Malicious call tracing, CLID)
the called the called party phone rings pick up the phone
LE
IAM(6660008)
TM
LE
IAM(6660008) GRQ GRQ GSM(8880003) GSM(8880003) ACM ACM ring back tone ANC ANC conversation CLF CLF RLG
GRQ: General request message. It is used to ask for caller number and some other information. GSM: General forward setup information message. It is used to send caller number and some other information.
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The cooperation of CCS7 and R2
LE
CCS7
IAM (666)
TM
R2
SEIZE 6 (the 1st A1digit) 6 (the 2nd digit) A1 8 (the last digit) A3 II-1 B6
LE
. SAO . (0) SAO (8)
. .
the called phone rings
the called party pick up the phone
ACM ANC CBK CLF RLG

ring back tone ANSWER

conversation CBK CLF RLG
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Summary
This course describes the following important aspects of CCS7: Basic concepts of CCS7: signaling, CCS7
signaling network, CCS7 hierarchy
Signaling Units, in which CIC, SLC, etc.

are the most important concepts.
Signaling procedure
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OMA003001 GSM Signalling System-MTP

Wireless Curriculum Development Section

Upon completion of this course, the trainees should be able to

Section 1 Basic Concepts in CCS7

Part 2 CCS7 Signaling Network

Section 2 Signaling Units

Classification of signaling: According to working location

? Subscriber line signaling: between

? Interoffice signaling: between exchanges.

subscriber line signaling

subscriber line signaling

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission.

Security Level: Internal

Classification of signaling: According to signaling channels

signaling information carried by speech channel

a. CAS(Channel associated signaling):

Classification of signaling: According to signaling channels

switching equipment speech channel signaling equipment

dedicated channel for carrying signaling

b. CCS(Common channel signaling):

The comparison of CAS and CCS

to continue your study.

Security Level: Internal

Section 1 Basic Concepts in CCS7

part 2 CCS7 Signaling Network

Section 2 Signaling Units

Definition of CCS7 signaling network

Existing CCS7 signaling networks

Three supporting networks (in contrast to service networks):

The existing CCS7 signaling networks

Three elements in a CCS7 signaling network

Three elements in a CCS7 signaling network

OPC and DPC (1)

DPC: Destination Point Code OPC: Originating Point Code

Three elements in a CCS7 signaling network

2) STP (Signaling Transfer Point)

Working modes of CCS7 signaling network

Working modes of CCS7 signaling network

which is predetermined and via

Security Level: Internal

OPC and DPC (II)

: voice path : signaling link

OPC and DPC (II)

: voice path : signaling link

MSU OPC=A DPC=C

Section 1 Basic Concepts in CCS7

part 2 CCS7 Signaling Network

Section 2 Signaling Units

Hierarchy of CCS7 signaling system

1) MTP (Message Transfer Part)

Hierarchy of CCS7 signaling system

receives interoffice control signals

The figure on the right describes the

Three levels of MTP

1) Level 1: Signaling Data Link

Three levels of MTP

Three levels of MTP

3) Level 3: Signaling Network

The 4-level structure of CCS7 system

L1 Signaling Data Link

Signaling Data Link

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission.

Security Level: Internal