CHIA LEE SHAN SUNARTI BINTI JASNAN

1 PISMP BM/PJ/PS NSTITUT PENDIDIKAN GURU KAMPUS TEMENGGONG IBRAHIM

NOUNS

ADJECTIV ES

PARTS OF SPEECH
PRONOU NS VERBS ADVERB S

 Generally (but not always) pronouns stand for (pro + noun) or refer to a noun, an individual or individuals or thing or things (the pronoun's antecedent) whose identity is made clear earlier in the text. A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun. Pronouns can be in one of three cases: Subject, Object, or Possessive.

personal Reflexive

demonstrative Types of Pronouns

Relative Interrogative

Indefinite

Personal pronoun refers to a specific person or thing and changes its form to indicate person, number, gender and case
1st person If they refer to the speaker or writer I will come tomorrow. Bob showed the budget to us. 2nd person If they refer to the audience of the speaker or writer

3rd person If they refer to anyone else

It arrived yesterday. How can you stand working with them?

You should not forget to vote. Where is your coat?

SINGULAR

PLURAL

subjective objective

possessive subjectiv objective e

possessive

1stperson

me you him her it

my, mine

we

us you them

our, ours your, yours their, theirs

2ndperson you 3rdperson he she it

your, yours you his her, hers its they

The number of a noun or pronoun is either singular, if it refers to one thing, or plural, if it refers to more than one thing (if the noun or pronoun is the subject, then its number will also affect the verb). Note the difference in number in the following examples: Singular That woman is concerned about this issue. She is concerned about this issue. Plural Those women are concerned about this issue. They are concerned about this issue. It is important to note that the pronoun "they" is in the processing of becoming singular as well as plural. For example, one might say A person called and they did not leave their name.

 indicates that the pronoun is acting as a marker of possession and defines who owns a particular object or person.

Examples : "mine," "yours," "hers," "his," "its," "ours," and "theirs. Possessive personal pronouns are very similar to possessive adjectives like "my," "her," and "their. Examples of the sentences: The smallest gift is mine. This is yours. His is on the kitchen counter. Theirs will be delivered tomorrow. Ours is the green one on the corner.

 identifies a noun or a pronoun. "This" and "these" refer to things that are nearby either in space or in time, "that" and "those" refer to things that are farther away in space or time. "This" and "that" are used to refer to singular nouns or noun phrases "these" and "those" are used to refer to plural nouns and noun phrases.

 An interrogative pronoun is used to ask questions. The interrogative pronouns are "who," "whom," "which," "what" and the compounds formed with the suffix "ever" ("whoever," "whomever," "whichever," and "whatever"). "who," "whom," and occasionally "which" used to refer to people, "which" and "what" used to refer to things and to animals. "Who" acts as the subject of a verb, "whom" acts as the object of a verb, preposition, or a verbal.

EXAMPLES : Which wants to see the dentist first? ("Which" is the subject of the sentence.) Who wrote the novel Rockbound? ("who" is the subject of the sentence.) Whom do you think we should invite? ("whom" is the object of the verb "invite.) To whom do you wish to speak? ("whom " is the object of the preposition "to.) Who will meet the delegates at the train station? ("who" is the subject of the compound verb "will meet.) To whom did you give the paper? ("whom" is the object of the preposition "to.) What did she say? ("what" is the direct object of the verb "say.)

 A relative pronoun is used to link one phrase or clause to another phrase or clause. The relative pronouns are "who," "whom," "that," and "which." The compounds "whoever," "whomever," and "whichever" are also relative pronouns. "who" and "whoever" to refer to the subject of a clause or sentence, "whom" and "whomever" to refer to the objects of a verb, a verbal or a preposition.

EXAMPLES: You may invite whomever you like to the party. I will read whichever manuscript arrives first. Whoever broke the window will have to replace it. I will read whichever manuscript arrives first.

 An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun referring to an identifiable but not specified person or thing.

The most common indefinite pronouns are "all," "another," "any," "anybody," "anyone," "anything," "each," "everybody," "everyone," "everything," "few," "many," "nobody," "none," "one," "several," "some," "somebody," and "someone.

EXAMPLES : Many were invited to the lunch but only twelve showed up. The office had been searched and everything was thrown onto the floor. We donated everything we found in the attic to the woman's shelter garage sale. Although they looked everywhere for extra copies of the magazine, they found none.

Make sure you give everyone a copy of the amended by laws Give a registration package to each

 A reflexive pronoun to refer back to the subject of the clause or sentence.

The reflexive pronouns are "myself," "yourself," "herself," "himself," "itself," "ourselves," "yourselves," and "themselves.

Examples : Diabetics give themselves insulin shots several times a day. The Dean often does the photocopying herself so that the secretaries can do more important work.

After the party, I asked myself why I had faxed invitations to everyone in my office building.
Richard usually remembered to send a copy of his e-mail to himself. Although the landlord promised to paint the apartment, we ended up doing it ourselves.

An intensive pronoun doest not name particular person or thing.

SINGULAR

one each (n)either

someone somebody something

anyone anybody anything

no one nobody nothing

everyone everybody everything

Examples: Somebody is coming to dinner. Neither of us believes a word Harry says.

PLURAL:

both

few

several

Examples:

Both are expected at the airport at the same time.

Several have suggested canceling the meeting.

SINGULAR WITH NON-COUNTABLES/ PLURAL WITH COUNTABLES

Some
Examples: Some of the dirt has become a permanent part of the rug. Some of the trees have been weakened by the storm.

any

none

all

most

Choose the correct answers. 1. A person needs to see ______dentist twice a year. A. Her B. It C. Their D. We 2. A. B. C. D. 3. A. B. C. D. If any one of the sisters needs a ride, ______ can call me. She He They We When someone has been drinking, ______ may drive poorly. He They It we

4. A. B. C. D.

Five of ______ took a cab to the play. We Us Ourselves Themselves

5. A. B. C. D.

______ can I go out with tonight? Who Whom Whose Which

The correct word that belongs in the space in each sentence below. Choose between the following:

anywhere

somewhere nothing

everything anything

1. I will search and find you _______ you go. You cant escape from me. 2. Our holiday was perfect. _______ went as we wished. 3. The police found the murder weapon_______ near the hut. In the woods. 4. I will do ______ for you. You are my best friend. 5. She did______. She just slept all day long.

Rewrite eachsentences to correct the faulty pronoun

1. Tom has recently his wife,which makes him depressed 2. When Joshua put the stapler on the chair,it fell.

http://www.writingcentre.uottawa.ca/hypergrammar/pronouns.html http://www.towson.edu/ows/pronouns.htm Variable Pronoun Usage in Child Speech by Marie Alicja adler