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Some Basics
PIKOM reported for 2011: 529,600 ICT practitioners 9.8% of GNI (RM294b) ICT is now: Science Technology Engineering (also remains an art for certain areas) Professional certification: Other domains: Engineering, Medical, Law, . ICT: UK, US, Australia, .
Professional Certification
Advantages: Assurance of some level of rigour and quality Employability (for employers and employees) International recognition Disadvantages:
A Professional is a person formally certified by an oversight professional body belonging to a specific profession by virtue of having completed a required course of studies and/or practice, and whose competence can usually be measured against an established set of standards, acting to safeguard the public interest (or to some extent commercial interest). A professional guarantees, and this guarantee is at the risk of: Legal action Fines, suspension and deregistration
A Professional delivers solutions, which may be tangible (e.g. buildings, bridges, computer/network devices, software modules/applications), or at least formally structured (e.g. legal defense, architectural designs, accounting compliance, software architectures, network designs).
From the above, obtaining professional certification to handle problems of sufficient complexity that usually requires 4-6 years of training/experience is usually attained by successfully going through a degree programme recognised by an appropriate Oversight Professional Body, followed by a certain number of years of experience. [Any alternative route (e.g. via experience only) to attain professional certification will have to be endorsed/recognised by the said body]. As mentioned, tangible/structured solutions are obtained through systematic and rigorous processes for analysis, design, development, testing and delivery phases as depicted below and mapping these to the innovation or solution creation spectrum from concept (idea) to delivery (to users). Professionals are generally situated in the development process of the innovation or solution creation spectrum from concept to delivery:
Analysis Design Development Testing Delivery
Conceptualisation
Idea/Conc ept Proof of Concept Laboratory Prototype
Development
Choice of Technologies
Delivery
Solution
User Perspective
Product
Users/ Client s
Development
Technologists
PROFESSIONALS
Delivery
Solution Providers Sales Consultants
Users/ Clients
There is a very thin line between Theoreticians/Applied, Technologists/Professionals and Solution Providers/Sales Consultants. As general indications, we have: Theoreticians work out the fundamentals (usually mathematically and in abstraction) resulting in theories and models. Applied are those who test out the fundamentals in the physical world (Physicists are typical examples), and often develop laboratory prototypes. Technologists turn laboratory prototypes into industrial products and ensure they are fit for delivery to users/clients. Professionals are Technologists with professional certifications and can sign off to guarantee safety, security, reliability and effectiveness. Solution Providers place the resulting products in a possibly larger framework that would give socio-economic benefits to users/clients. Sales Consultants work out the proper perspective in the user/client environment.
In a hypothetical (and perhaps rather inappropriate) analogy in a solution for travelling to Mars the Theoreticians would work out the fact that it is mathematically possible (e.g. that there are no black holes between Earth and Mars), the Applied would develop a laboratory prototype (perhaps to convince the investors), the Technologists would build the rocket that will actually get to Mars (but are not authorised to sign for its reliability), while the Professionals would sign it off (and even guarantee that the rocket could come back to Earth). As for the rest, the Solution Providers are the astronauts, and the Sales Consultants are those who would convince the astronauts that the rocket is safe enough While us Users/Clients watch all the fun live on television.
Types of Certification
There are three general types of certification, listed in order of development level and portability corporate (internal), product-specific, and profession-wide:
Corporate, or internal certifications, are made by a corporation or low-stakes organisation for internal purposes. For example, a corporation might require a one-day training course for all sales personnel, after which they receive a certificate. While this certificate has limited portability to other corporations, for example it is the most simple to develop. Product-specific certifications are more involved, and are intended to be referenced to a product across all applications. This approach is very prevalent in the information technology (IT) industry, where personnel are certified on a version of software or hardware. This type of certification is portable across locations (for example, different corporations that use that software), but not across other products. The most general type of certification is profession-wide. Certification in the medical profession is often offered by particular specialties. In order to apply professional standards, increase the level of practice, and possibly protect the public (though this is also the domain of licensure), a professional organization might establish a certification. This is intended to be portable to all places a certified professional might work. Of course, this generalization increases the cost of such a program; the process to establish a legally defensible assessment of an entire profession is very extensive. An example of this is a Certified Public Accountant (CPA), which would not be certified for just one corporation or one piece of accountancy software but for general work in the profession.
Any certification involving the government should be restricted to the third type. Profession-wide, so as to avoid any possible conflicts of interest. And the following indicate who should be given professional certification:
KEYWORDs: Oversight professional body Profession Required course of studies and/or practice Competence Established set of standards Public(safety)/commercial interest Analysis Design KEYWORDs: Solutions tangible, structured Sign off/guarantee rigorous processes, systematic documentation Sufficient complexity 4-6 years of training/experience This RULES OUT: Solely Theoreticians and/or Applied Solely Solution Providers and/or Sales Consultants Development Testing Delivery
Conceptualisation
Idea/Conc ept Proof of Concept Laboratory Prototype
Development
Choice of Technologies
Delivery
Solution
User Perspective
Product
Users/ Client s
Conceptualisation
Theoreticians Applied
Development
Technologists
PROFESSIONALS
Delivery
Solution Providers Sales Consultants
Users/ Clients
Computer Science and Software Engineering Graduates will produce the highest percentage of professionals
Computer Systems and Networks specialists are also professionals providing rigorous processes are adopted A University
Conceptualisation
Idea/Conc ept Proof of Concept Laboratory Prototype
Development
Choice of Technologies
Delivery
Solution
User Perspective
Product
Users/ Client s
DEVELOPERS Application Developer Net Consultant Net Programmer C/C++ Programmer Cobol Programmer Java Consultant Java programmer JDE Consultant Navision Analyst Programmer PHP Programmer RPG Programmer Software QA Engineer Solution Architect Application Assurance Engineer Database Architect Network Engineer Oracle Consultant
5696
DELIVERERS USERS Consultant (General) Computer Operator ABAP Consultant Customer Support Engi Chief Information Officer (CIO) IT Marketing Executive Data Centre Solution Analyst IT Sales Engineer E-Commerce Consultant Lotus Notes Analyst IT Business Analyst IT Business Development manager IT Manager 1752 IT Project Coordinator IT Project Manager IT Resource Manager IT Security Specialist Oracle Database Administrator PeopleSoft Consultant SAP Consultant Sharepoint Specialist Siebel Specialis SQL Database Administrator Technical Support Engineer Technical Writer 4131 Webmaster
OBJECTIVES (as part of national objectives): Producing resilient (long shelf-life) graduates Moving the country towards a producer nation in ICT
Project closure
Dec 2012
Dec 2012
Briefing of this project to MADICT 28 Sept Desktop research on and correspondence with ICT societies of 4 selected countries
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The Act is to contain minimally an establishment clause that will regulate individuals in the following categories: Registered IT Practitioners Registered IT Professionals However, the following are not recommended: Regulating the industry (as a clause in the Act) Registered IT Services Providers (as an additional category) BCPM should be run as an independent body with minimal intervention from the Government, with Board members being elected via an AGM
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Malaysian Medical Council (MMC) A corporate body established under the provisions of section 3(1) of the Medical Act 1971
Malaysian Bar Council (MBC) An independent NGO established under the Ordinan Peguam Bela dan Peguam Cara 1947 (subsequently replaced by Akta Profesion Undangundang 1976)
Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM) Established in 1972, BEM is a statutory body constituted under the Registration of Engineers Act 1967 with perpetual succession and a common seal
Land Surveyors Board (LSB) A corporate body, established in 1958 under the Licensed Land Surveyors Act 1958, with perpetual succession & a common seal The act is only imposed for Peninsular Malaysia (Sabah & Sarawak each has a separate act and governance body) Regulate and control the licensing of land surveyors and related matters Provide leadership in upholding and the advancement of the survey and mapping profession
Background
Objectives
Protect, promote & maintain the health and safety of the public through professional medical practice
Upholding the cause of justice without any fear or favor Protect & assist the public on law incidentals Represent, protect & assist members of the legal profession
Regulate the professional conduct and practice of registered engineers in order to safeguard the safety and interest of the public Provide excellent service to Registered Engineers and stakeholders, carry out activities to improve its standards
Non-Governmental Organisation
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Australian Computer Society (ACS) To become a CP or a CT, applicant must be a member of ACS and undergo a formal Certification Assessment (competency-based) The assessor will consider experience and education, and will award the certification that fits with the competencies The ACS will maintain and publish on its website a Register of all approved CTs and CPs CPD is required to maintain CT or CP status A member may resign from membership at any time by notice in writing to the CEO or the Honorary Secretary of the member's Branch
British Computer Society (BCS) Criteria to apply for Chartered IT Professionals (CITP): BCS member 8-10yrs IT working experience (5yrs min. relevant experience is required) Spent 3 of the past 5 yrs working in significant roles of responsibility, accountability and challenging activities Demonstrate personal influence and well developed business skills Skills Framework for the Information Age (SFIA) level 5. SFIA is the UK Govt.s high-level IT skills standard Applicant is required to perform presentation, sit for interviews
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Computer Society of India (CSI) Generally, a professional joins CSI as an Associate member and upgrades himself to Senior Member over a period of time The Fellowship is awarded to life members of CSI based on their contribution to the Society. The honorary Fellowship is given to non-members in recognition of their contributions to the promotion of IT
Computer Society South Africa (CSSA) To apply as Professional Member, applicant must have 3yrs of continuous CSSAs membership and meet the required minimum points. In addition, must be prepared to commit to Continuing Professional Development (CPD) The CPD responsibility commences in the year following acceptance as a Professional Member
Maintain the Register of: ICT Practitioners ICT Professionals Facilitate computing practitioners and Professionals registration Evaluate academic qualifications Regulate the conduct and ethics of the computing profession Settle disputes on professional conduct and ethics Fix the scale of fees
Represent members and the IT Profession, and liaise with other professional bodies on IT strategic issues Promote the study and practice of computing Advance computing knowledge and education for the publics benefit Accredit individual professional competence Maintain the Register of: ICT Practitioners ICT Professionals Accredit individual professional competence Facilitate computing practitioners and Professionals registration Evaluate academic qualifications Regulate the conduct and ethics of the computing profession Settle disputes on professional conduct and ethics Fix the scale of fees
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Represent members and the IT Profession, and liaise with other professional bodies on IT strategic issues Promote the study and practice of computing Advance computing knowledge and education for the publics benefit Accredit individual professional competence Maintain the Register of: ICT Practitioners ICT Professionals Accredit individual professional competence Facilitate computing practitioners and Professionals registration Evaluate academic qualifications Regulate the conduct and ethics of Registered ICT Practitioners and Professionals Settle disputes on professional conduct and ethics Fix the scale of fees
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Without Act A Board/Society grown organically would usually take a very long time to gain acceptance by the community A very clear mandate is very necessary to ensure compliance for - accreditation of academic programmes - certification of professionals Difficult to control the Board and/or members on a regulatory basis (if this is ever needed)
New Entity
Key Recommendations [1 of 4]
4 independent set of recommendations were analysed and combined Survey results Comparison on Local Boards of Professionals Benchmark study on International Societies Requirements from international mutual recognition Societies
#1 - Establishment #2 - Statutory Powers #3 - Certification Categories #4 - International Mutual Recognition #5 Neutrality of the Board #6 Functions of the Board #7 Way Forward Timeline
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Key Recommendations [2 of 4]
Key Recommendation #1 Establishment: The Board is to be set up as a new entity via an Act of Parliament, with: An establishment clause, but No clauses to regulate the industry Key Recommendation #2 Statutory Powers: BCPM is to have the statutory powers or be the recognised professional authority for: Accrediting/recognition programs Certification of professionals Key Recommendation #3 Certification Categories: The categories for certification are: Registered IT Practitioner Registered IT Professional The category for Registered IT Services Providers for companies shall not be considered for the moment
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Key Recommendations [3 of 4]
Key Recommendation #4 Attaining International Mutual Recognition: The following are to be given top priority: Curriculum guidelines of the Seoul Accord (in particular, the Graduate Attributes) should form the core for BCPM accreditation of academic programmes Skills Framework for the Information Age (SFIA) of IP3 should form the core for BCPM certification of professionals Signing the Seoul Accord and obtaining IP3 accreditation should be given top priority, plus to obtain strong Govt. support
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Key Recommendations [4 of 4]
Key Recommendation #6 Functions of the Board: Represent members & the IT Profession, and liaise with other professional bodies on IT strategic issues Promote the study and practice of computing Advance computing knowledge and education for the publics benefit Accredit individual professional competence Maintain the Register of: ICT Practitioners ICT Professionals Facilitate computing practitioners and Professionals registration Evaluate academic qualification Regulate the conduct and ethics of the computing profession Settle disputes on professional conduct and ethics Fix the scale of fees Key Recommendation #7 Way Forward Timeline:
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Way Forward
Establish BCPM Sign Seoul Accord Appoint Protem Appoint Council Sign IFIP
Table to Parliament
Year 1 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
Year 2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
Year 3 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
Year 4 Q3 Q4
Setup administrative functions Acquire startup fund Accreditation of academic programmes & certification of professionals Preparation for accreditation & certification
Note: BCPM to sign Seoul Accord and IP3 after 3yrs establishment (based on feedback from ACS & IFIP)
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THANK YOU MERCI GRAZZIE GRACIAS SPASIBA DANKE MANGE TAK NAN DHRI
TERIMA KASIH
ARIGATO
SHUKRIYA
XIE-XIE NI
KAMSIAH / MMKOI
JABAI INAU
NGGO BUTE KABU
Is it?: Board of Computing Professionals Malaysia (BCPM), or Board of Information Technology Professionals Malaysia (BITPM) World bodies, such as ACM (Association of Computing Machinery), AIS (Association for Information Systems), and IEE-CS (Computer Society), define the discipline as COMPUTING with 5 sub-disciplines [which includes Information Technology (IT)]: Computer Engineering (CE) Computer Science (CS) Software Engineering (SE) Information Systems (IS) Information Technology (IT) The sub-definitions are as follows:
[COMPUTING is the PROFESSION that applies its results via the IT sub-discipline]
Computing (ACM) = CE + CS + SE + IS + IT
Computer Engineering (CE): Computer engineering is concerned with the design and construction of computers and computer-based systems. It involves the study of hardware, software, communications, and the interaction among them.
Computer Science (CS): Computer science spans a wide range, from its theoretical and algorithmic foundations to cutting-edge developments in robotics, computer vision, intelligent systems, bioinformatics, and other areas. Computer scientists design and implement software, devise new ways to use computers, and develop effective ways to solve computing problems.
Software Engineering (SE): Software engineering is the discipline of developing and maintaining software systems that behave reliably and efficiently, are affordable to develop and maintain, and satisfy all the requirements that customers have defined for them. The domain has evolved in response to factors such as the growing impact of large and expensive software systems in a wide range of situations and the increased importance of software in safety-critical applications.
Computing (ACM) = CE + CS + SE + IS + IT
Information Systems (IS): Information systems specialists focus on integrating information technology solutions and business processes to meet the information needs of businesses and other enterprises, enabling them to achieve their objectives in an effective, efficient way. This disciplines perspective on information technology emphasizes information, and views technology as an instrument for generating, processing, and distributing information.
Information Technology (IT):
Information technology is a label that has two meanings. In the broadest sense, the term information technology is often used to refer to all of computing.
In academia, it refers to undergraduate degree programs that prepare students to meet the computer technology needs of business, government, healthcare, schools, and other kinds of organizations.
In some nations, other names are used for such degree programs. As opposed to Information Systems, its emphasis is on the technology itself more than on the information it conveys. IT is a new and rapidly growing field that started as a grassroots response to the practical, everyday needs of business and other organizations.
3% 21% 41% 12% Hardware Network Software Database design Security Development
71% of our graduates from IT programmes are largely not employable as only 11% are required
5%
24%
71%
Computer Engineering
Computer Science
Systems AI
Software Engineering
Information System
Information Technology
OS
Networks
The term IT is so broad that it includes even Bank tellers and other IT users. Many smaller private colleges have taken advantage of this, to produce non-employable graduates
Categorisation of K-Workers
Conceptualizers - those who conceive of and sketch out the basic nature of a computer system artifact: Entrepreneur Computing Product designer Research engineer Systems analyst Computer science researcher Requirements analyst System architect Developers - those who work on specifying, designing, constructing, and testing an information technology artifact: System designer Programmer Computing Software engineer Tester Computer engineer Microprocessor designer Chip designer Modifiers/Extenders - those who modify or add on to an information technology artifact: Maintenance programmer Programmer Software engineer Computer engineer Computing & Database administrator
& IT
IT
only
Supporters/Tenders - those who deliver, install, operate, maintain, or repair an information technology artifact: System consultant Customer support specialist Help desk specialist Hardware maintenance Specialist Network installer Network administrator
IT only