BY

UMAR KHAN
 Introduction
 Working of WIMAX
 IEEE 802.16 Specifications
 IEEE 802.16 standard
 802.16 Architecture
 Features of WIMAX
 Advantages of WIMAX over WIFI
 WIMAX vs. 3G
 ISSUES in WIMAX vs. 3G
 FUTURE OF WIMAX
 WIMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
Access

 WiMAX refers to broadband wireless networks that are based on the

IEEE 802.16 standard, which ensures compatibility and
interoperability between broadband wireless access equipment.

 WiMAX, which will have a range of up to 31 miles, is primarily aimed

at making broadband network access widely available without the
expense of stringing wires (as in cable-access broadband) or the
distance limitations of Digital Subscriber Line.
 There are three possible ways to access internet.

◦ Broadband access
Uses DSL or cable modem at home/office.

◦ WIFI
Uses WIFI routers at home and hotspots on the road.

◦ Dial Up Connection
 Broadband access is too expensive and WiFi
coverage is very sparse.

 The new technology promises

◦ High speed of broadband service
◦ Wireless rather than wired access
◦ Broad Coverage
A WIMAX system consists of

A WiMAX tower, similar in concept to a cell-phone tower - A single

WiMAX tower can provide coverage to a very large area as big as
3,000 square miles (~8,000 square km).

A WiMAX receiver - The receiver and antenna could be a small box

or Personal Computer Memory card, or they could be built into a laptop
the way WiFi access is today .
WIMAX TOWER WIMAX RECEIVER
WiMAX Mini-PCI Reference Design Intel’s first WIMAX chip
 Consider a scenario where a WiMax-enabled computer is 10
miles away from the WiMax base station.

 A special encryption code is given to computer to gain

access to base station

 The base station would beam data from the Internet

required for computer (at speeds potentially higher than
today's cable modems)
 The user would pay the provider monthly fee for using the
service. The cost for this service could be much lower than
current high-speed Internet-subscription fees because the
provider never had to run cables

 The WiMAX protocol is designed to accommodate several

different methods of data transmission, one of which is
Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

 If WiMAX-compatible computers become very common, the

use of VoIP could increase dramatically. Almost anyone
with a laptop could make VoIP calls
 Non-Line of sight
Uses a lower frequency range.

 Line of sight
Uses a higher frequency range.
 Range- 30 miles from base station
 Speed- 70 Megabits per second
 Frequency bands- 2 to 11 and 10 to 66(licensed and

unlicensed bands respectively)

 Defines both MAC and PHY layer and allows

multiple PHY layer specifications

 IEEE 802.16 Protocol Architecture has 4 layers: Convergence, MAC, Transmission
and physical, which can be mapped to two OSI lowest layers: physical and data link.
 OFDMA
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA).
Its digital modulation scheme.
 Medium Access Control sub layer of Data.Link
layer.
 It provides addressing and chanel access control

mechanism for sevral networks to communicate

within a multipoint network.
 Addressing machanism is called physical or MAC

address.
 These uniqe Mac addresses provides access to

each network connected by reapeaters,bridges,

switches and hubs.
 BY
QASIM REHMAN
 802.16a
Uses the licensed frequencies from 2 to 11 GHz
Supports Mesh network
 802.16b
Increase spectrum to 5 and 6 GHz
Provides QoS( for real time voice and video service)
 802.16c
Represents a 10 to 66GHz
 802.16d
Improvement and fixes for 802.16a
 802.16e
Addresses on Mobile
Enable high-speed signal handoffs necessary for communications with users
moving at vehicular speeds
 P2MP Architecture
BS connected to Public Networks
BS serves Subscriber Stations (SS)
Provides SS with first mile access to Public Networks
 Mesh Architecture
Optional architecture for WiMAX
BY SANA IMTIAZ & MAIDA MAJEED
 Scalability

 Quality of Service

 Range

 Coverage
 The 802.16 standard supports flexible radio frequency
(RF) channel bandwidths.

 The standard supports hundreds or even thousands of

users within one RF channel

 As the number of subscribers grow the spectrum can be

reallocated with process of sectoring.
 Primary purpose of QoS feature is to define
transmission ordering and scheduling on the air
interface

 These features often need to work in conjunction

with mechanisms beyond the air interface in order
to provide end to end QoS or to police the
behaviour or SS.
 A configuration and registration function to pre
configure SS based QoS service flows and traffic
parameters

 A signalling function for dynamically establishing QoS

enabled service flows and traffic parameters

 Utilization of MAC scheduling and QoS traffic

parameters for uplink service flows

 Utilization of QoS traffic parameters for downlink

service flows
 Optimized for up to 50 Km

 Designed to handle many users spread out over

kilometres

 Designed to tolerate greater multi-path delay

spread (signal reflections) up to 10.0μ seconds

 PHY and MAC designed with multi-mile range in

mind
 Standard supports mesh network topology

 Optimized for outdoor NLOS performance

 Standard supports advanced antenna techniques

 Speed
◦ Faster than broadband service
 Wireless
◦ Not having to lay cables reduces cost
◦ Easier to extend to suburban and rural areas
 Broad Coverage
◦ Much wider coverage than WiFi hotspots
 Allow service providers to deliver high throughput
broadband based services like VoIP, high-speed Internet
and Video

 Facilitate equipment compatibility

 Reduce the capital expenditures required for network

expansion

 Provide improved performance and extended range

 Range of technology and service level choices from
both fixed and wireless broadband operators

 DSL-like services at DSL prices but with

portability

 Rapidly declining fixed broadband prices

 No more DSL “installation” fees from incumbent

BY BASIR MUSTAFA
 Scalability
 Relative Performance
 Quality of Service
 Range
 Coverage
 Security
 802.11 802.16a
•
Wide (20MHz) frequency •
Channel bandwidths can
channels be chosen by operator
(e.g. for sectorization)
•
1.5 MHz to 20 MHz
width channels. MAC
designed for scalability.
independent of channel
•
MAC designed to support bandwidth
10’s of users
•
MAC designed to support
thousands of users.
RELATIVE PERFORMANCE

Channel Maximum Maximum

Bandwidth Data Rate bps/Hz

802.11 20 MHz 54 Mbps 2.7 bps/Hz

802.16a 1.5 – 20 MHz 100 Mbps 5.0 bps/Hz

 802.11
•
Standard cannot currently
guarantee latency for Voice,
Video
•
Standard does not allow for
differentiated levels of
service on a per-user basis
•
802.11e (proposed) QoS is
prioritization only
802.16a
•
Designed to support Voice
and Video from ground up
•
Supports differentiated
service levels: e.g. T1 for
business customers; best
effort for residential.
•
Centrally-enforced QoS
 802.11 802.16a
•
Optimized for ~100 meters •
Optimized for up to 50 Km

•
No “near-far” compensation
•
Designed to handle indoor
multi-path delay spread of
0.8μ seconds
•
Optimization centers around
PHY and MAC layer for
100m range
•
Designed to handle many
users spread out over
kilometers
•
Designed to tolerate greater
multi-path delay spread
(signal reflections) up to 10.0μ
seconds
•
PHY and MAC designed with
multi-mile range in mind
 802.11 802.16a

•
Optimized for indoor •
Optimized for outdoor NLOS
performance performance

•
Standard supports mesh
•
No mesh topology support network topology
within ratified standards
•
Standard supports advanced
antenna techniques
 802.11 802.16a

•
Existing standard is WPA •
Existing standard is PKM -
+ WEP EAP

•
802.11i in process of
addressing security
BY SAMRA ALTAF
 Using an assortment of proprietary and standards-
based technologies, such as OFDM and CDMA
,WiMax has a clear advantage over 3G.

 The advantages include

◦ Higher Throughput
◦ Low Cost
◦ Lower Latency
Advantages of WiMax over 3G
 WiMax spectrum is more economical than 3G.

◦ The price paid per Hz is as much as 1000 times lower

than for 3G spectrum

◦ The low cost is a clear driver for service providers to

enter the field of wireless services with WiMax
 WiMAX is important for mobile broadband wireless, as
it completes 3G by providing higher performance for
data with more than 1 Mbps downstream to allow
connection of laptops and PDAs

 WiMAX technology is the solution for many types of

high-bandwidth applications at the same time across
long distances and will enable service carriers to
converge the all-IP-based network for triple-play services
data, voice, and video
 WiMAX interoperable solutions enable economies of
scale through integration of standard chipsets, making
WiMAX Forum Certified products cost-effective at
delivering high-capacity broadband services at large
coverage distances in Line Of Sight and Non Line Of
Sight conditions
 WiMax will be deployed in three stages

◦ In the first phase WiMaX technology (based on IEEE 802.16-

2004) provides fixed wireless connections.

◦ In the second phase WiMaX will be available as a cheap and self-

installing Subscriber Terminal (ST), linked to PC and to antenna

◦ The third phase enables portability, thus WiMAX (based on

IEEE 802.16e) will be integrated into commercial laptops
 Will WIMAX replace 3G?
◦ Along with the forthcoming standardization, WiMAX has the potential
to substitute 3G and become a promising 4G

◦ WiMAX has its distinct identity as either a stand-alone solution for

incumbent and competitive fixed network operators or as
complementary radio access solution for established 2G and 3G
cellular network operators

◦ Fixed-line operators, on the one hand, may consider WiMAX as a

viable alternative to add mobility to the service portfolio, leveraging
their huge subscriber base, in particular in countries where 3G
licensing is delayed or not affordable
 SIR.NOMAN JALIL ENCOURAGE US ALOT
AND PROVIDED US HIS HONEST GUIDANCE.
 WE ARE ALL VERY GREATFUL TO YOU SIR.
THANKYOU SIR.

 www.ewh.ieee.org/r4/chicago/Yu-WiMAX.pdf

 http://computer.howstuffworks.com/wimax.htm

 www.wimaxforum.org

 http://standards.ieee.org/catalog/olis/lanman.html