FILARIASIS : (LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS)

Transmission: mosquitoes transmit the infection during Geographic distribution and epidemiology:
biting. CAUSATIVE PARASITE: Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugia temori.

Bancroftian filariasis is widely distributed throughout the tropical zone, Africa, Southeast Asia, Pacific Islands, Central and South America and some Caribbean islands. Malayan filariasis is found in Southeast Asia, Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Korea and Japan. Worldwide prevalence of lymphatic filariasis is estimated to be 120 million infections; 20 million cases are due to Brugia malayi. Some zoonotic forms of Brugia are found in the U.S. but human infections are uncommon.

Location: The adult worms are found in lymphatics and

lymph nodes. Microfilariae are found in the blood.

Morphology and life cycle: The adult worms

live in the lymphatics and lymph nodes. The fertilized females produce embryonic worms called microfilariae. The microfilaria ~ 250 m in length. Microfilariae circulate in the peripheral blood.

Microfilaria Nuclei

[edit]

FILARIASIS
Wuchereria bancrofti

Clinical manifestations:
Most cases are asymptomatic. Early

symptoms are lymphangitis, lymphadenitis, and in males, epidydimitis, funiculitis, or orchitis. repeated bouts of lymphangitis result in lymphedema. Eventually, the tissue becomes infiltrated and fibrous with permanent enlargement of involved extremities (elephantiasis). Scrotal involvement is common.

Elephant

Foot

Another

One

Clinical manifestations:
Most cases are asymptomatic. Early

symptoms are lymphangitis, lymphadenitis, and in males, epidydimitis, funiculitis, or orchitis. repeated bouts of lymphangitis result in lymphedema. Eventually, the tissue becomes infiltrated and fibrous with permanent enlargement of involved extremities (elephantiasis). Scrotal involvement is common.

ELEFANTIASIS

ONCHOCERCOSIS
Transmitida por un simlido:

metalicum Simulium ochraceum Sinonimia: Erisipela de la costa Mal morado Ingles colgantes Cara de perro Piel de leopardo Ceguera de los rios

Simulium Simulium calidum

ONCHOCERCOSIS

ONCHOCERCOSIS

ONCHOCERCOSIS Epidemiologa
Zonas con ros de corrientes rpidas Zonas cafetaleras Costas con selva tropical Sierra de Ixtln en Oaxaca Chamula y Xoconusco

en Chiapas Centro y Sudamrica

ONCHOCERCOSIS Diagnstico
Denodulacin

Raspado de piel
Biopsia Observacin de

cmaras oculares con lmpara de hendidura Serologa

ONCHOCERCOSIS Tratamiento
Adultos:

Suramina
Microfilarias:

Dietilcarbamacina Ivermactina
Control de vectores

ONCHOCERCOSIS Morfologa
Adultos:

Macho 19-42 mm x 150 micras Hembra 335-700 mm x 320 micras Microfilarias: Machos 150-257 x 6 micras Hembras 260-360 x 8 micras

ONCHOCERCOSIS Ndulos

ONCHOCERCOSIS Piel de leopardo

ONCHOCERCOSIS Ceguera de los rios

ONCHOCERCOSIS Lesin en retina

Diagnosis and Treatment :

Microfilariae in blood films, blood concentrations. Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) is rapidly effective in killing the microfilariae; studies with this drug are being carried out by WHO. Ivermectin and combinations of ivermectin and albendazole are also tried.