Interpret the flatness control. Interpret the straightness control. Interpret the circularity control.

Interpret the cylindricity control.

FORM CONTROLS

Flatness Straightness Circularity Cylindricity

FLATNESS

SYMBOL :-

ZONE OF TOLERANCE :- TWO PARALLEL PLANES

STRAIGHTNESS

SYMBOL :-

ZONE OF TOLERANCE :- CYLINDER

CIRCULARITY

SYMBOL :-

t=0.3
ZONE OF TOLERANCE :- TWO COPLANAR CONCENTRIC CIRCLES

CYLINDRICITY

SYMBOL :-

t=0.3

ZONE OF TOLERANCE :- TWO COAXIAL CYLINDERS

FLATNESS
Definition : Flatness is the condition of a surface having all of its
elements in one plane. The tolerance zone for a flatness control is three-dimensional.

General representation

FLATNESS

Interpretation of Flatness tolerance : It consists of two parallel planes within which all the surface elements must lie. The distance between the parallel planes is equal to the flatness control tolerance value.
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Rule #1 Effect on Flatness

Whenever Rule #1 applies to a feature of size that consists of two parallel planes, an automatic indirect flatness control exists for both surfaces.

Rule #1 Effect on Flatness

When the feature of size is at MMC, both surfaces must be perfectly flat. As the feature departs from MMC, a flatness error equal to the amount of the departure is allowed.

Flatness Control Application

Some examples of when a designer uses flatness control on a drawing are to provide a flat surface: For a gasket or seal. To attach a mating part. For better contact with a datum plane.

When these types of applications are involved, the indirect flatness control that results from Rule #1 is often not sufficient to satisfy the functional requirements of the part surface. This is when a flatness control is specified on a drawing
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The size requirement

Each two point measurement must be within the dimensional limits

Rule #1 boundary requirement The part must be within a 10.6 boundary

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The Flatness requirement All of the surface elements must be within two parallel planes 0.2 apart

Two parallel plane 0.2 apart

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STRAIGHTNESS
Definition :
Straightness of a line element is the condition where each line element (or axis or center plane) is a straight line. The tolerance zone for a straightness control (as a surface line element control is two-dimensional). General Representation :

1. When applied to a surface

0.05

10.4

10.6

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2. When applied to an axis

10.6 10.4
0.1

3. When applied to a center plane

10.6 10.4
0.1

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Interpretation (Straightness applied to the surface element)

Tolerance zone 2 parallel lines 0.05 apart

The straightness control does not affect the form of the line element in this view

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Rule#1s Effects on Surface Straightness

10.6 10.4

Tolerance zone 2 parallel lines 0.2 apart 10.6max

Whenever Rule #1 is in effect, an automatic indirect straightens control exists for the surface line elements.

When the feature of size is at MMC, the line elements must be perfectly straight. As the FOS departs from MMC a straightness error equal to the amount of the departure is allowed. 15

Straightness at MMC Application

An important benefit becomes available when straightness is applied at MMC: extra tolerance is permissible. As the FOS departs from MMC towards LMC, a bonus tolerance becomes available.
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CIRCULARITY

Definition: Circularity is a condition where all points of a surface of revolution, at any Section perpendicular to a common axis, are equidistant from that axis. General representation:

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Circularity control :
A circularity control is a geometric tolerance that limits the amount of circularity on a part surface. It specifies that each circular element of a features surface must lie within a tolerance zone of two coaxial circles. It also applies independently at each cross section element and at a right angle to the feature axis. The radial distance between the circles is equal to the circularity control tolerance value. 18

Circularity application:

1. Is to limit the lobing (out of round) of a shaft diameter. 2. In certain cases, lobing of a shaft diameter will cause bearings or bushings to fail prematurely. 3. The diameter must be within its size tolerance.
Tolerance zone is two coaxial circles

Outer Boundary

0.3 tolerance zone radial distance equal to the circularity tolerance value

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Circularity application:

4. The circularity control does not override Rule #1. 5. The circularity control tolerance must be less than the size tolerance.

6. The circularity control does not affect the outer boundary of the FOS.

Outer Boundary Tolerance zone is two coaxial circles

0.3 tolerance zone radial distance equal to the circularity tolerance value

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Cylindricity
Definition :Cylindricity is a condition of a surface of revolution in which all points of the surface are equidistant from a common axis. General Representation :

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Cylindricity control :
A cylindricity control is a geometric tolerance that limits the amount of cylindricity error permitted on a part surface. It specifies a tolerance zone of two coaxial cylinders within which all points of the surface must lie. A cylindricity control applies simultaneously to the entire surface. The radial distance between the two coaxial cylinders is equal to the cylindricity control tolerance value. A cylindricity control is a composite control that limits the circularity, straightness, and taper of a diameter simultaneously.

Cylindricity application :
is to limit the surface conditions (out of round, taper, and straightness) of a shaft diameter. In certain cases, surface conditions of a shaft diameter will cause bearings or bushings to fail prematurely.

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Cylindricity application :

The diameter must also be within its size tolerance. The cylindricity control does not override Rule #1.

The cylindricity control tolerance must be less than the total size tolerance.
The cylindricity control does not affect the outer boundary of the FOS.
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