A BRIEF HISTORY OF CALL

CALL in the 1950s and 1960s

The

first computers used for language learning were large 1950s The computers were just available at university campus Teaching and learning were limited because of the computers were expensive The first CALL programs were created by Stanford University, Dartmouth University, University of Essex, focused on the teaching of Russian

PLATO

The most significant applications for the teaching and learning at the computer were based on the Programmed Logic/Learning for Automated Teaching Operations PLATO PLATO was developed in 1959 by the university of Illinois and Control Data Corporation In the beginning, the first language learning was done in teaching Russian using a grammar translation approach The first Language Learning was called intelligent, it included grammar explanations, vocabulary drills, tests over a course of 16 lessons

Simulations
It

was made using an interface based in the constructivism in which learners bring what they understand about the world to the tasks The simulation creates challenges for learners to explore multiple links and see the consequences of different actions and inputs

CALL in the 1970s and 1980s

In

1975 microcomputers were first sold Applications on computers such as the Timex Sinclair and the Commodore Pet were developed Display video changed to complex animations In this period CALL research based its focus in videodisc technology and a high volumme storage system The format was replaced with Compact Disk Read-Only Memory CD-ROOMs

MACARIO
It

was a videodisc program for learning Spanish It was developed at Brigham Young University The video was made into an interactive format to teach listening skills Macario consisted of being able to start and stop the video for answering questions and ensuring comprehension

Interactive Dgame
Developed visual and listening opportunities

for improving communication in target language the students were free to discuss their own interpretations of the reality on the screen Montevidisco The videodisc introduces a plaza where the learner is confronted by a local citizen It allows for greater learner autonomy and encourages critical thinking

ALLP
Athena

Language-Learning Project began in 1983 in Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) and International Business Machines contributed staff ALLP worked with Universal Interactive Executive (UNIX) The UNIX machines were connected to each other and visual databases through a local area network (LAN) Include interactivity usually associated with more primitive drill-and practice routines

ELIZA Eliza seeks clarification and simulates a Sympathetic listener through a series of general comments, requests and paraphrases It was combined with large databases of information LA RENCONTRE DE PHILLIPE It allows to the learner to enter into a semiauthentic language environment It is fictional but it offers opryunities to explore documentary-style of reality

CALL in the 1990s

Multiplicity

of protagonists.- It allows to share several opinions Multiplicity of plot events .- It creates variety based on learner choices Knowledge-based choice points .- It allows to learn tasks Choice-points based on the temperament of the learner .- It allows pursue to students' abilities

 Whimsical

surprises .- It allows momentary diversion and encouraging exploration Multimedia for presentation offers different methods of output (aural, textual) such as participating in radio broadcast, telephone conversation or reading a newspaper Intrinsic rather than extrinsic rewards .- motivate learners to progress through the program because he completes the tasks and acquiring language

CALL in the twenty-first century

Several devices and facilities were developed Web browsing wich includes email acces, transfering audio and video Cell phone wich include instant message, pictures audio and video Digital photo organization editing, printing, uploading, Word prossecing, spreadshet Music collection storage

 Play

a dvd movie Burn an audio or MP3 CD Computers with big capacity of storage Usb drives Computers are no expensive