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Dr.V.

Veera Balaji Kumar


 The process of a Assigning numbers or
labels to different objects under study to
represent them quantitatively or
qualitatively is called measurement.
 Primary step  to identify the area or
concept that is of interest.
 A concept can be understood as a general

idea derived or inferred from specific


instances or occurrences.
 A construct is a general idea or an abstract

inferred or derived from specific instances.


 CONSTITUTIONAL DEFINITION:
◦ Will specify the research boundaries and also will
definite the central theme of the study.
◦ E.g. studying the educational system in India.
◦ Whether primary education ? or secondary
education? or adult education program ?
 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
◦ Defines precisely what attributes and feature of
the concept are to be measured.
◦ Specifies the process of assigning a value to the
concept.
◦ Acts as an interface between the theoretical
concept and live environment.
 The variations in the perceptions and beliefs
of the measurement variables of different
people that are related to the study.
 E.g. The survey about beef consumption

pattern - problem in Hindu dominant India.


 The cross-cultural variation has to be taken

into account while building questionnaires.


 Nominal scale
 Ordinal scale
 Interval scale
 Ratio scale

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