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state that all electromagnetic waves are transverse waves that travel with the same high speed in vacuo and state the magnitude of this speed describe the main components of the electromagnetic spectrum discuss the role of the following components in the stated applications: 1. radiowaves in radio and television communication 2. microwaves in satellite television and microwave oven 3. infra-red waves in infra-red remote controllers and intruder alarms 4. light in optical fibres for medical uses and telecommunications 5. ultra-violet in sunbeds, and sterilisation 6. X-rays in radiological and engineering applications 7. Gamma rays in medical treatment describe the effects of absorbing electromagnetic waves, e.g. heating, ionisation and damage to living cells and tissue
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Properties
An electromagnetic wave is produced by the simultaneous vibration of electric and magnetic fields. All electromagnetic waves transfer energy from one place to another are transverse waves can travel through vacuum. They DO NOT require any medium to travel from one point to another. travel through a vacuum at the speed of 3 x 108 ms-1. obey wave properties like reflection and refraction. carry no electrical charge as they are neither positively nor negatively charged. obey the wave equation: v = f.
wave equation v = f v = c, where c is the symbol for the speed of light in vacuum c = f 3.0 x 108 = f Their frequencies do not change when they travel from one medium to another. (e.g.. From water to glass). This is because their frequency depends only on the source of the wave. Only their speeds and wavelengths change from one medium to another.
Electromagnetic spectrum
Components of electromagnetic spectrum
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Gamma rays
X-rays
Ultraviolet
Visible light
Infrared
Microwave
Radio wave
Speed in a vacuum is constant c = 3 x 108 m s-1 Ronald McDonald Is Very Ugly eXcept Gary
Applications of electromagnetic spectrum For each component, you need to know Range of wavelength Its uses Any harmful effects (The higher the frequency, the larger the amount of energy) Source
Detector
Radio wave
has wavelength of 10-1 to 105 m Can move around obstacles
is used in radio communication and television transmission over long distances (LW, MW, SW, VHF, UHF). Radio telescope.
source: TV and radio transmitters detector: aerials of TV and radio receivers/antenna
Television transmission is made possible with the use of VHF and UHF radio waves
Microwave
has wavelength of 10-3 to 10-1 m (0.001 m to 0.1m) is used in satellite communication and transmission, radar systems and microwave cooking/microwave oven travels in straight line without losing much of its energy
Infrared radiation
is the radiation beyond the red end of the visible spectrum has wavelength of 10-7 to 10-3 m is used in remote control devices, intruder alarms, infrared photography and radiant heaters
an infra-red photograph
Visible light
can be seen by human eye has wavelength of 4 x 10-7 to 7 x 10-7 m is used in optical fibres, medical usage, telecommunications, chemical spectral analysis and photosynthesis, endoscopy. Lasers for medical, industrial and surveying use.
Ultraviolet radiation
has wavelength of 10-8 to 10-7 m stimulates our bodies to produce vitamin D
X ray
has wavelength of 10-13 to 10-8 m
is penetrating and can cause damage to tissues and organisms
Doctors, nurses and people working in X-ray environment have to wear protective clothing to shield themselves from X ray
is used in medical and dental diagnostic tools and engineering applications. Check for flaws/cracks in metals. Detect artwork forgery. Airport scanners. Crystal structure analysis.
Exposure to electromagnetic radiation primarily causes heating effects such as the pain of sunburn or skin cancer. However, over-exposure may result in harmful effects such as pain of sunburn or skin cancer.
EM waves can be classified as either ionising radiation or non-ionising radiation: Ionising radiations are extremely high frequency EM waves which include X-rays and gamma rays. They have enough photon energy to produce ionisation (a process where one or more electrons are removed from a neutral atom by radiation). It is a harmful process leading to destruction or modification of living cells.
Non-ionising radiations are the part of the EM spectrum which has photon energies too weak to produce ionisation. Examples are ultraviolet, visible light, infra-red radiation, microwave and radio wave.
Electromagnetic waves
consist of
Components
Radio waves
Applications Radio and television communication Satellite television and telephone Home electrical appliances, remote controls and intruder alarms Optical fibres in medical usage and telecommuncation Sunbeds, fluorescent tubes and sterilisation Medical use and engineering applications Medical treatment
are
Microwaves
Transverse waves
with speed in vacuum
Infra-red waves .
Light Ultra-violet . X-rays Gamma rays
c = 3 x 108 m s-1
Reference:
http://blogs.edf.org/climate411/2007/07/25/greenhouse_effect/ http://www.ehow.com/how_2001650_advantages-dishnetwork-cable.html http://www.smh.com.au/news/technology/police-grapple-with-defectivedetectors/2008/07/22/1216492432489.html http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/auckland-places/1/4 http://www.snowyrangevision.com/laserSurgery.html http://www.faqs.org/photo-dict/phrase/710/x-ray.html