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Conditioning as a
treatment for Autistic
disorders
medications, symptom
Autism
severity 15
PDD-nos
• EEGBF was assessment CDD
10
guided based on EEG Aspergers
connectivity et al.
5
• EEGBF done twice
weekly for 10 weeks
0
• Pre-post parent
judgment, rating scales,
NP and QEEG
Findings
• 89% reported success
• No reports of
worsening
• 40% reduction in
autistic symptoms
(ATEC)
• Significant changes in
symptoms, NP
findings and EEG
connectivity
• Reduced neural
hyperconnectivity
• Tx response not
EEG connectivity changes
The relative efficacy of connectivity guided and
symptom based EEG biofeedback for Autistic
disorders
• Compared
findings
from 50
3
Jarusiewicz 45
(2002) to
Coben & 40 2.5
Padolsky’s
(2007) 35
approach 2
30
• Matched Jarusiewicz
subjects for 25 Jarusiewicz
severity of
Coben/Padolsky 1.5 Coben/Padolsky
symptoms 20
and 15
equated the 1
sample 10
sizes 0.5
• Both are 5
effective, 0
but tx Sens/Cogn Health/Behavior Total
0
guided by
speech social cognitive behavior
EEG
connectivity
Spectrum
Disorder: A
Controlled
Study of EEG
Coherence
Training focused
on Social Skill
Robert
Deficits Coben, PhD
Presented at 2007 ISNR Conference
San Diego, California
Facial/Emotional Processing
Facial/Emotional Processing
Facial/Emotional Processing
Facial/Emotional Processing
deficits in Autism
Facial/Emotional Processing
deficits in Autism
Efficacy of Social Skills
Training
• Rao, Beidel, & Murray (2007) recently
reviewed research related to social
skills training in autistic disorders and
concluded that empirical support is
minimal at this time.
• Bellini et al. (2007) have also
reviewed social skills training
programs. They calculated PND (% of
non-overlapping data points). Mean
intervention effects were 70%
(questionable) and generalization 53%
Theory and Hypotheses
• Social skill deficits in ASD are, at least partially,
related to the neural substrate of
visual/facial/emotional processing.
• Altering this neural substrate should then lead to
improvements in social skills.
• H1: NF (coherence training) can improve visual
processing and social skills.
• H2: Improvements in visual processing would
predict enhancements in social skills.
• H3: EEG analyses will show associated
improvements in the neural substrate responsible.
Method
• 50 patients diagnosed with Autistic
Spectrum Disorder
• All underwent Neuropsychological (focus
on visual processing) testing, ratings of
social skill deficits, and QEEG Assessment
prior to intervention
• All underwent follow-up
Neuropsychological, rating scale and
QEEG assessment following intervention
• Two groups were studied
– 25 patients received 20 sessions of
QEEG Connectivity guided EEG
Subjects
Experimental Controls pvalue
Age 9.5, 2.38 10.13, 2.72 0.39
Gender 21 male 21 male 1.0
Race 23 caucasian 23 caucasian 1.0
Handedness 24 right handed 22 right handed 0.30
Medications 0.16, 0.37 0.16, 0.37 1.0
ATEC 31.00, 9.16 31.16, 6.36 0.94
Social Skills 70.3, 7.39 69.96, 6.33 0.86
Visual-Perception -1.63, 1.13 -1.52, 1.07 0.73
Sum of
S q u a re s df M e a n S q u a re F S ig .
ATEC change B e tw e e n G r o u p s 7 1 4 .4 2 0 1 7 1 4 .4 2 0 7 .7 8 8 .0 0 8
W it h in G r o u p s 4 4 0 3 . 2 0 0 48 9 1 .7 3 3
T o ta l 5 1 1 7 .6 2 0 49
S o c S k ills c h a n g e B e tw e e n G r o u p s 1 8 1 .4 5 1 1 1 8 1 .4 5 1 4 .6 2 5 .0 3 7
W it h in G r o u p s 1 8 8 3 . 2 5 4 48 3 9 .2 3 4
T o ta l 2 0 6 4 .7 0 5 49
V is u a lP r o c e s s c h a n g e B e t w e e n G r o u p s 6 .6 9 0 1 6 .6 9 0 1 5 .9 6 7 .0 0 0
W it h in G r o u p s 2 0 .1 1 3 48 .4 1 9
T o ta l 2 6 .8 0 3 49
Results
Results
Results
• Social Skills change
Effect Size = 0.61
• One study found social
skills training to have
an ES of 0.33
• ATEC change Effect
Size = 0.79
• Medium to Large
• PND (% of non-
overlapping data
points) = 88%
• Social skills training
has mean PND = 70%
and generalization =
53%
Results
Results
Results
Do the changes last?