Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
PSTN
SS7
Gr HLR
AuC
Gc Gi
PSDN
IP
GGSN
WCDMA Specification
3,840 Kcps
Channelization Code
1st Step: Channelization
Scrambling Code
Downlink (NodeB to UE ) Scrambling Code: Identifies cell (sector). Channelization Code: Identifies user channels in cell (Sector).
Channelization Code 2
Scrambling Code C
Up Link (UE to NodeB ) Scrambling Code: Identifies user terminal. Channelization Code: Identifies channels in user terminal.
Scrambling Code A
Channelization Code 1
Scrambling Code B
Channelization Code 1
Scrambling Code C
Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor [OVSF] codes are the channelization codes used for signal spreading in the uplink and downlink
The code used for scrambling of the uplink Channels may be of either long or short type, There are 224 long and 224 short uplink scrambling codes. Uplink scrambling codes are assigned by higher layers. For downlink physical channels, a total of 218-1 = 262,143 scrambling codes can be generated. Only scrambling codes k = 0, 1, , 8191 are used. In the downlink direction 512 of scrambling codes are used to identify the cells in the downlink so downlink planning is required
Different Handover in 3G
1. 2. 3. Intra-system handovers MS handover within one cell between different sectors: Softer handover MS handover between different BS: Soft handover Hard handover Inter-frequency handovers Hard handover Inter-system handovers Handover between WCDMA <--> GSM900/1800: Hard handover Handover between WCDMA/FDD <--> TDD: Hard handover
Intra-system handovers
1. Intra-system handovers I. Softer handover II. Soft handover III. Hard handover
Softer Handover
Softer handover refers to handover between cells with same frequency and in same nodeB. As we can say HO between Cell A to Cell B of SITE0001 at f1 or f2
Soft Handover
Soft handover refers to adding a new serving cell and deleting the old one after stabilization. Services continue in the handover without any interruption. Its also known by term make before break.
Hard Handover
Hard handover refers to deleting the old serving cell and then adding a new serving cell. Services break off during the handover. Its also known by term break before make.
Events in 3G
Event
Event 1A
Description
Quality of target cell improves, entering a report range of relatively activating set quality
Quality of target cell decreases, depart from a report range of relatively activating set quality The quality of a non-activated set cell is better than that of a certain activated set cell Best cell generates change Quality of target cell improves, better than an absolute threshold Quality of target cell decreases, worse than an absolute threshold
Event 1B
Events in 3G
Event Event 2A Description Best band generates change
Event 2B
Quality of currently-used band is worse than an absolute threshold and that of non-used band is better than an absolute threshold
Quality of non-used band is better than an absolute threshold Quality of currently-used band is worse than an absolute threshold Quality of non-used band is worse than an absolute threshold
Event 2F
Events in 3G
Event Description Event 3A
Quality of currently-used UTRAN operator is worse than an absolute threshold and quality of other radio systems is better than an absolute threshold
Quality of other radio systems is worse than an absolute threshold Quality of other radio systems is better than an absolute threshold Best cell in other systems generates change
There are two types of Common pilot channels, the Primary and Secondary CPICH. They differ in their use and the limitations placed on their physical features
Primary CPICH
Secondary CPICH
Primary CPICH
An important area for the primary common pilot channel is the measurements for the handover and cell selection/reselection. The use of CPICH reception level at the terminal for handover measurements has the consequence that, by adjusting the CPICH power level, the cell load can be balanced between different cells. Reducing the CPICH power causes part of the terminals to hand over to other cells, while increasing it invites more terminals to hand over to the cell, as well as to make their initial access to the network in that cell.
The Primary Common Pilot Channel (P-CPICH) has the following characteristics:
The same channelization code is always used for the P-CPICH. The P-CPICH is scrambled by the primary scrambling code. There is one and only one P-CPICH per cell. The P-CPICH is broadcast over the entire cell.
Secondary CPICH
Secondary CPICH may be phase reference for the secondary CCPCH. A Secondary Common Pilot Channel (S-CPICH) has the following characteristics:
An arbitrary channelization code of SF=256 is used for the S-CPICH. A S-CPICH is scrambled by either the primary or a secondary scrambling code. There may be zero, one, or several S-CPICH per cell. A S-CPICH may be transmitted over the entire cell or only over a part of the cell.
Traffic types - WCDMA user data rates drop off as the user moves further away from the Node B
User levels - Demand for mobile services will increase, leading to much greater user densities
Area type Dense Urban Speech 92 144 kb/s NRT 85 GSM1800 speech 85 Cell range 1 Urban Suburb Rural 93 85 85 1.6 95 85 85 2.3 95 85 85 5.2
% % % km