Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
CHAPTER 17
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Social Disadvantages
Melting Pot
Suggests that US had mission to destroy artificial divisions and create a single humankind Unrealistic because dominant group unwilling to welcome racial and ethnic minorities
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Salad Bowl
Used to describe a country that is ethnically diverse Also not realistic because image is static and not indicative of the dynamic change seen in US Fails to conjure the myriad cultures that make up the mosaic of the nation
Kaleidoscope
Familiar and more useful analogy Phrase people of color fits with idea of US as a kaleidoscope Changes hard to describe because they change dramatically with little effort
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Significant segment of population Have successfully organized into a collective force that wields significant political clout on certain social issues Unlike other social groups subjected to differential treatment, category will include most of us someday
All of us will eventually assume the ascribed status of being an older person
More likely to be:
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Ageism
Refers to prejudice and discrimination against the elderly Reflects deep uneasiness among young and middle-age about growing old
Negative stereotypes of old age are entrenched in a society that prides itself on youth and the future Tend to see elderly only in situations that reinforce the image
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Gray Panthers
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Margaret Dixon
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Term disabilities suggest lack of ability and assumption is people with disabilities are less capable
Society limits life chances of people with disabilities in ways that are unnecessary and unrelated to any physical infirmity Census Bureau estimates 41.2 million people with disabilities in 2006
Disability
A reduced ability to perform tasks one would normally do at a given stage in life
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Racial and ethnic minorities disproportionately likely to have disabilities and have less access to assistance 2/3 working-age with disability are unemployed The number of disabled will increase
Most with disabilities believe they would be able to work if offered the opportunity of if reasonable accommodation could be made to address the disability
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Society attaches a stigma to many forms of disability and this leads to prejudicial treatment
Disability becomes the primary factor in how others define the disabled
The media contributes to popular negative images of people with disabilities Discrimination- society is not organized around those with disabilities
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Ed Roberts (1960s)
Along with others, started the Berkeley Center for Independent Living
National Federation for the Blind New York Citys Disabled in Action
Large number of disabled veterans joined efforts, which gave a boost and legitimacy to efforts
Visitability
Refers to making private homes built to be accessible for visitors with disabilities
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Typically in the U.S., sexual orientation is constructed as either homosexual or heterosexual and ignores bisexuals
Bisexuals
Transgendered Persons
Refers to people whose gender identity does not match their physical identity at birth People who see themselves as the sex opposite of their birth identity and may have surgery to be closer to identity
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Transexuals
Transvestites
Refers
sex
General focus was to explore ways to prevent and control homosexuality as a disease Discrimination against gays and lesbians was common and legal
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Homophobia
The fear of and prejudice toward homosexuality Present in every facet of life Considered a more respectable form of bigotry than against any other oppressed groups
Stigmatization seen as a major factor in slow initial response to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency
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In 2008, 55% of the public felt that homosexual relations should be legal
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Gay liberation groups on college campuses and communities President Bill Clinton (1993)
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Domestic Partnership
Two unrelated adults who have chosen to share one anothers lives in a relationship of mutual caring, who reside together, and who agree to be jointly responsible for their dependents, basic living expenses, and other common necessities
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Vermont (1999) recognition through civil unions Massachusetts (2002) gay couples can legally marry
Some argue promoting gay marriage is trying to assimilate or become like the oppressor Critics argue that equal treatment is real issue and should not be result of conforming to ways of heterosexual dominant society
Discussion repeats a pattern found in every subordinate group of how to maintain ones unique identity and become part of a multicultural society
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If thirsty or in need, glass is half empty If clearing dirty dishes, glass is half full For many, especially Whites, progress makes it difficult to understand need for more programs and new reforms and impossible to understand when minority neighborhoods erupt in violence To Latinos and African Americans
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White Americans have also made similar strides Therefore, the GAP remains
Blacks and Latinos just edged out the income level Whites exceeded in 1975
2007
Nonresident Aliens
Immigrants who gained entry for schooling with not other ties to US Received doctorates three times that of Blacks, Asian Americans, Latinos, and American Indians
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Struggle for justice among racial and ethnic groups has not completely met its goals Many people still committed to oppression
If we cannot end now our differences, at least we can help make the world safe for diversity (Cleveland 1995:23)
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QUESTIONS
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In what ways are the aged, people with disabilities, and gays and lesbians stereotyped?
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What are common and differing aspects of the effort to mobilize the elderly, people with disabilities, and gay men and lesbians to achieve equality?
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What has been the role of the federal government in the effort to achieve equality by the aged, people with disabilities, and the gay and lesbian community?
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
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Sociologists use the term master status to describe a status that dominates others and thereby determines a persons general position in society. To what degree can that term be applied to the aged, people with disabilities, and members of the gay and lesbian community?
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How do policy makers trying to bring about change use the model of half full and half empty either to argue for change on behalf of minorities or to use the same concept to maintain that the status quo is adequate for addressing issues of social inequality?
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The mediain advertisements, humor, dramas, and situation comediesportray life in society. What are some examples, both positive and negative, of how the elderly, people with disabilities, and gays and lesbians are presented in the media that you have seen? In what ways are groups stereotyped?
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