Impact of Israel in

USA Foreign Policy

Shireen Raza & Zamurrad Awan

Abstract
 Israel got a lobby soon after its creation.
 The basic aim Israel was to protect its
interest though superpower.
 U.S.A. has always acts as guardian for Israel.
 U.S.A supports Israel in every aspect-
politically, financially or militarily
 All this was possible due to the presences of
American Israel Public Affair Committee.
 Chapter 1.
Introduction
 The Statement of the
Problem
 The role of played by American Israel Public
Affairs Committee (AIPAC) in American
Congress

 The relationship existing between Israel and

United States
 Back Ground of
the Problem
Introduction of Judaism
 The story of Judaism is recorded in Hebrew
Scriptures and Old Testimony.
 Jews history begins some 3800 years old ago. They
are the oldest civilizations alive.
 Jews are indirect descendants Prophet Abraham’s.
 Prophet Abraham’s grandson and his family traveled
to Nile Valley of Egypt to settle.
 Jews escape from Egypt under the leadership of
Prophet Moses.
 Counter argument for Jews claim is that they are
also indirect descendent like Muslims.
Jewish Exile
 In A.D 70 Roman conquerored the land of
old Israel.
 The situation of Jews became adverse.
 This began a process that became known
as the Jewish Diaspora.
 Jews started settling to different parts of
world.
Lovers of Zion (Hibbat
Tziyyon Movement)
 The movement was lead by name of Leo
Pinsker in 1881
 He was a Russian physician
 He gave the suggestion of a separate
homeland
The Jewish State (Der
Judenstaat) by Theoder
Herzl
 Herzl’s book was published in 1896

 He gain presented the idea of Separate

homeland

 He convinced the European nations for

support to the Zionist cause

 Homeland, a Political project

Rise of Zionist
 At the time of World War I different
movement of Zionism started but gathered
force after Nazi’s persecution.
 Their goal was to redevelop Palestine as a
Jewish homeland
 Herzl’s movement considerate other places
like Argentina, Mauritius, Uganda
 But most of them thought the movement
will gain support if religious element added
Role of Britain
 In World War I, Arabs had been encouraged
to fight against Turkey by Britain in
exchange for a sovereign state.
 But with Balfour Declaration in November
2nd 1917 the British betrayed the Palestine.

 With this declaration they opened doors for

mass immigration
Arab-Israel Conflict
 The Arab-Israel conflict started from the
time of Israel declaring itself as a
sovereignty state.

 The conflict is an ethno-political problem

as there is struggle for land between
two different nations.
The 1948–49 War
 It started when President
Ben-Gurion announced
birth of Israel
 Egypt, Tran Jordan, Syria,
Lebanon, and Iraq attacked Israel with
Yemen’s nominal involvement.
 Israel extended territory under its control
from 5,400 square miles to 8,000 square
miles, almost double the area allocated
 Arab Liberation Army
Attacked 15-17 May
Syrian attack
Lebanese Attack 6-7 June
15-17 May

Syrian attack
15-23 May

Iraqi attack
15-22 May
28 May- 4 June

Jordanian attacked
14 May – 11 June

Egyptian attacked
14-29 May &
7-8 June
Suez Canal Crises of 1956
 British and French took over the Suez Canal
which lead to the start of conflicts.
 U.N. Peacekeeping Forces were deployed on
the Israeli-Egyptian border
 As a result Israeli-French come into defense
cooperation. Later French also assistance in
building a nuclear reactor to Israel.
The Six-Day War of 1967
 Nasser asked the U.N. force to be withdraw
from the borders.
 Israeli took it as a preparation for war and
launched a pre-emptive attack on Egypt.
 This war had altered the map of the region
as Israel had taken over a large territory.
 Israel had agreed to U.N. Resolution-242,
which says to withdraw Israeli Forces from
occupied territories and in exchange the
Arab would accept Israel as a state.
The Yom Kippur War of
1973-74
 Israel had failed to re-
open the Suez Canal.
 In aggression, Syria
and Egypt launched an
attack on Israel.
 Resulted in the U.N
Security Council
Resolution 338. The
Resolution called for a
cease-fire within 12
hours
Lebanon War of 1982
 PLO had used southern
Lebanon as a base
 Israel launched a full-
scale invasion on
Lebanon. Bombarded
Lebanese cities by land,
sea, and air
 Thousands of people, mostly civilians, killed,
injured and made homeless
Role of U.N. during the War
Crises
UNEF served as a buffer
between Israel and
Egyptian forces.
 U.N. Security Council
Resolution 338 called for a
cease-fire within 12 hours.
It had been implemented
but not for long.
 Israel had agreed U.N
Resolution-242, which says
to withdraw Israeli Forces
from occupied territories
but did not.
 Rationale
To research the manner in which Jews were able to
settle in Palestine as they were completely
unwelcome there. It is also of interest to find out
authenticity of the claim for Israel, a land which they
had left 2000 years ago. Reason for United States
of American has been so keen to help Israel and
identify the way United States help Israel. To
research the extend to which different American
President supported Israel in their different crises as
their support was the main cause of Israel’s
existence The way in which that support has been
utilized.
 Hypothesis
Formulation
 There is strong influence of Israel’s over

the American policymakers. U.S. is

concerned about the matters discussed
by American Israeli Public Affair
Committee about different issues
especially concerning to Israel as
America and Israel both are dependent
on each other for their survival.
 Hypothesis has been proved
 Chapter. 2
Literature Review
 Mansbach and Rafferty (2008) mentioned in his book
“Introduction to Global Politics” the history of Jewish exile
and the circumstances in which Jews left the land of
Palestine and where all they settled after leaving the
area.
 Watson (1986) stated in “Success in Twentieth Century
World Affairs, (3rd edition) the role of United Nations and
Britain in the partition of Palestine and the formation of
the World Zionist Organization
 Ali (2002) “The Clash of Fundamentalisms” explains the
situation while Jews were deciding where to settle.
According to him they considered many places but due
to religious affiliation they preferred Palestine.
 Spoder (1996) in “World History, (3rd edition)” has given
details about history of the whole world. History of
ancient Jews and their religious believes and values
have been adopted by this book.
 Palmer; Colton; Kramer (2007) mentioned in their book
“A History of The Modern World, (McGraw edition)” the
situation of World War I, the time when the Jewish
issues was at first raised but did not received any much
attention. Then this issue was again re-addressed at the
time of World War II
 Baker (2005) explains in his book “Islam Without Fear”
the power of Israel as compared to the Arab world
 Goff; Moss; Terry and Upshur (1998) explained in their
book “The Twentieth Century - A Brief Global History (5th
Edition) history of Jews and Palestinian is given along
with their wars, and its causes.
 Crabb (1960) wrote in his book “American Foreign Policy
in the Nuclear Age” the start of problems between Jews
and Palestinians, different wars which they have gone
through and the peace deals of Israel and other Arab
countries
 Parker (1980) covers in his book “America’s Foreign
Policy 1945-1976” the regime of different Presidents of
America separately. It talks about all of them since 1945
to 1976 their internal policy as well as their external
policy.
 Duncan and Goddard (2005) mentions in his book
“Contemporary America, (2nd edition)” about the situation
of Middle East in the aspect of the relations that Arab
world share with United States and relations which
United States have with Israel.
 Brown (2001) gives the knowledge in his book about
“Diplomacy in the Middle East - the International
Relations of Regional and Outside Power” how
extensively United Nations helps Israel in different
aspects like military, economically and financially.
 Stressinger (2005) mentioned in his book “Why Nations
Go To War, (9th edition)” about different the events
occurred in between the Arab countries and the Israel
 Boyd and Comenete (2007) state in his book “An Atlas of
World Affair, (11th edition)” the facts and figures of
different wars between the Arab states and Israel.
 Bailey, (1990) explains in “U. S. Policy Towards Israel:
The Special Relationship” about Israel relations with
United Sates. And the way it helps them in different
ways. Military aspect was special focus of this site as
United States has supported Israel maximum in the in
the areas of military and economical aspect.
 Malone (2006) covers in his book “The UN Security
Council -From the Cold War to the 21st Century” the
aspect related to United Nations and the events in which
United Nations assistance was required by either parties.
 Shimko (2008) in this book “International Relations -
Perspective and Controversies. (2nd Edition)
explains extensively over the Israel’s nuclear
capacity and the fact that it does not requires any
assistances from any other country and especially
not from the superpower.
 Rafael. (1981) in this book “Destination Peace -
Three Decade of Israeli Foreign Policy” focuses on
the Israeli and Palestinian problem and the attempts
which were made to make these distances brief.
 Snarr and Snarr (2007) mentioned in this book
“Introducing Global Issues, (3rd edition)” about of
the Arab and Israel relations from the beginning
till date.
 Little (2003) enlighted in this book “American Orientalism
- The United States and the Middle East since 1945” on
different American aspects. American Israel Public Affair
Committee is also one of them. It explains the strengths
and code of conduct of this lobby or pressure group.
 Chomsky (2003) in this book “Understanding Power -
The indispensable Chomsky” has an opinion which is
complete anti-Israeli but with reasons. In this he basically
shows that how Jews critics the miseries of Palestinian
and to highlight what all unpleasant happen with them.
 White; Little and Smith (2001) explained in this book
“Issues in World Politics (2nd edition)” about
American Israel Public Affairs Committee.
 Pradhan (2003) explain in this book “Dynamics of
Conflicts and Peace in West Asia” about the
injustice which took place with Palestine. They were
in majority in the area and it belong it them. But still
the British favoured the Jews and UN also failed to
satisfy the masses.
 Blitizer (1985) writes in his book “Between
Washington and Jerusalem - A Report’s Notebook”
on the relations USA and with Israel. Covering
nearly all aspect of their relations. Its reason which
is AIPAC and the role it plays in the American
Congress.
 Mearsheimer and Walt (2006) focused in their book
“The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy” about
the US policy relating to Middle East.
 Singh (2005) expressed in his book “Asian Strategic
and Military Perspective.” The history from the rise
of Zionist and the way they formulated World Zionist
Organization. The situation Jews faced under
Nazism, they role of by UN and Britain in the support
of Jews and their wars.
 Rothney (2002) explained in his book “Twentieth
Century World, (5th edition)” further about Jewish
settlement and creation of the Jewish State and the
problems which arrived along with their arrival in the
Middle East.
 Sidebotham (1937) book names “Great Britain and
Palestine” gives a counter argument to the claim of
Jews as they demanded Israel on the bases of their
Holy Book and claim that it has been promised to
them. This book explains that the land was in actual
promised to the decedents of Prophet Abrahim.
Jews are not the decedents of him. Both Muslims as
well as Jews are indirect decedents of him as both
are having different Prophets at the end.
 Edwards and Hinchcliffe (2004) book “Conflicts In
The Middle East Since 1945, (2nd edition) focus has
been Middle East and had been covering all the
issues of the region. It also identifies the type of
conflict which exists there which is the ethnic due to
different groups present. It is not just due to different
nation.
 Aims and Objectives of
Study
 To research Jews management to support
themselves in Palestine as they were
surrounded by enemies.
 Israel knew it would be difficult to survive in
that region but on what bases were they so
sure that they will survive.
 Jew’s actually reason to make a Jewish state
was peace which is least found then reason
for them to still stay there and extinguish
their rase.
 Role played by others, for example U.S.A,
U.N. and Britain.
 The extend to which U.S. different Presidents
supported Israel against the Arab countries
in different crises.
 Ways in which U.S. helped Israel especially
in its wars against the Arab countries and
why has U.S. been so keen to help Israel.
 Chapter 3.
Methodology
 Usage of different libraries that is the South
Asian Research Center of Punjab University,
Quaid-e-Azam library and the library of
Government College University.
 Researcher is conducting qualitative
research and historical descriptive.
 Secondary research that is books, journals,
articles and internet sites.
 Israel has been the research sample
Chapter 4.
Results
United State’s Support
to Israel
 American support for Israel is unconditional
 Although, Agreement of Mutual
understanding between Israel and the
United States was signed in 1981
 Traditional Labour Party’s policies
towards the Arab-Israel Conflict was
based on: pursuing peace with the
Arabs while safeguarding the security of
Israel.
 Political Support
 The first declaration made in a foreign country in favor
of British Balfour declaration in Palestine for Jewish
homeland was in U.S.
 The U.S. Congress recognized Israel as an
independent state in only 11 minutes after their
declaration.
 In American Congress 2004 Senate election there were
10 Jewish members
 The legislators in the American Congress have
remained largely sympathetic to Israel, voting through
bills extending massive financial and military.
Economical Support
 In 1997 alone Israel had received some $ 240
million of non-military assistance from the
U.S.A.

 Some $86.5 million in economic grants

between 1948 and 1952.

 Another $518 million ($249 million in loans

and $269 million in grants) was approved
through 1961.
Military Support
 USA is the biggest source to relay for Israel.
 US risked confrontation with the Soviet twice
 In 1973, the Israeli requirements were so
great that in order to meet them, the U.S.
drew equipment from military stocks in
Europe and from reserve units
 In early 2004, the U.S. has sent Israel the
biggest shipment of advanced jet bombers in
its history.
American Israel Public
Affairs Committee
 They are called as Jewish or Pro Israeli
Lobby.
 Si Kenen was the founder of AIPAC in 1954
 AIPAC is an umbrella group representing
more than 30 of most important national
Jewish organizations
 AIPAC works closely with Washington
representatives and with other Jewish
Organization
 AIPAC success is due to its ability to reward
legislators and congressional candidates who
support its agenda and to punish those who
challenge it.
 AIPAC makes sure that its friends get strong
financial support
 AIPAC directly campaign contributions to their
political organizes letter-writing campaigns
 According to ‘The New York Times’, ‘The Washington
Post’ and ‘Fortune magazine’ AIPAC is considered as
the second most powerful lobby
Discussion
 AIPAC is an interest group which stands for
protecting basically the interest of American
Israelis. But in real the motive of AIPAC is to
protect the motives of Israel.
 There is a wide view that almost all the
policies concerning Middle East are
dominated by AIPAC.
 Israel on first placed did not waited for UN
decision, and Israel knew exactly what it was
doing. It entered into a place where it was
least welcomed.
 But on what guarantee, how were they sure
that they, a newly made state would be able
to tackle all the surrounding neighbors who
were actually its enemies? This itself
explained that it had a backend on which it
could completely relay. AIPAC was the force
on which they could trust. It was a lobby
created in the superpower for the purpose to
act as a protector for Israel.
Conclusion
 Although Israel has been such a strong
enemy that together the Arab countries have
faced many defeats from it, still it is the
center of sympathy. It has been the first to
develop nuclear plant, has an army larger
than any other NATO except USA still
according to USA it requires assistance. This
explains that AIPAC is the actual reason.
 AIPAC which was suppose to work for
American Israel in real works for Israel
 Its influence can be witnessed as not
much American Presidents have gone
against AIPAC.

 Jews votes turnover is the maximum and

they are well off even in terms of money
which enhances their say.
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