Chapter VII Restraints

BAB VII

RESTRAINTS

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7.1 Anchors

Connecting node (rigidly fix) Stiff : 6 DOF

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7.2 Anchors with Displacement

Displacement for the node Dis : 6 DOF

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7.3 Flexible Anchors

Use six flexible restraints

Put :

4 restraints on first element

2 restraints on next element
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7.4 Flexible Anchors with Predefined Displacement

Use six flexible restraints
Put : * 4 restraints on first element * 2 restraints on next element * Define connecting node

(Cnode)
* Spec : displacement
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Flexible Anchors with Predefined Displacement

Continued...

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7.5 Flexible Nozzle (WRC Bulletin 297)

Adhere to these requirements when modeling flexible nozzles: Frame only one pipe element into the nozzle node. Do not place restraints at the nozzle node. Do not place anchors at the nozzle node. Do not specify displacements for the nozzle node. CAESAR II automatically performs the following functions: calculates nozzle flexibilities for the nozzle/vessel data entered by the user calculates and inserts restraints to simulate the nozzle flexibilities calculates flexibilities for the axial translations, circumferential, and longitudinalbending
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Example :

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7.5.1 Flexible Nozzle with Predefined Displacements

Define a unique vessel node on the Nozzle Spreadsheet Applly the predefined displacement to the vessel node

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7.5.2 Flexible Nozzle with Complete Vessel Model

Define a unique vessel node on the Nozzle Spreadsheet Model the actual vessel length using pipe element Use an anchor to model the vessel anchorage point Run a rigid element between the vessel node defined on the Nozzle Spreadsheet and the centerline of the vessel
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Example : Full WRC 297 and Vessel

Model

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7.6 Double Acting Restraints

Translational Rotational
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7.7 Single-Directional Restraints

+Y : move freely pos Y : restraints neg Y CNode : Connecting Node

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7.8 Guide
Double-acting restraints with or without a specified gap.

Connecting Nodes (CNode) can be used with guides. May be using the global coordinate or restraints type
GUI

A guide pipe in horizontal : acting in the horizontal

plane, orthogonal to the axis of pipe

A guide vertical pipe : X and Z direction supports Direction cosines : compute by CAESAR II
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Example :

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7.9 Limit Stops

Single or double-acting restraint whose line of action is
along the axis the pipe

The sign on the single-directional restraints : unlimited

free movement

The gab is the distance of permitted free movement

along the restraints line of action

Always positive, restraints type : LIM Connecting Nodes (Cnode) may be used with any Limit
Stop Model
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Example :

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7.10 Windows
Equal leg windows are modeled using two double-acting restraints with gaps orthogonal to the pipe axis. Unequal leg windows are modeled using four single-acting restraints with gaps orthogonal to the pipe axis. The gap is always positive. If there is no sign, then the restraint is double-acting and the gap exists on both sides of the line of action of the restraint. If there is a sign on the restraint then the gap exists on the restrained line of action of the restraint, i.e. a +Y restraint is restrained against movement in the -Y direction, and any gap associated with a +Y restraint is the free movement in the -Y direction before the restraint begins acting.
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7.11 Rotational Directional Restraints with Gaps

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7.12 Single Directional Restraints with Predefined Displacement

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7.13 SingleDirectional Restraint and Guide

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7.14 Restraint Settlement

Single directional restraints

Predefined displacement
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7.15 Skewed Double-Acting Restraint

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7.16 Skewed Single-Directional Restraint

May be non linear

A long positive line of action Connecting Nodes (Cnode) can be used

Direction cosines

vector
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7.17 Restraint Between Two Pipes (Use of CNodes)

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7.18 Restraint Between Vessel and Pipe Models

CNode connecting pipe to rigid element (vessel shell) Linear or nonlinear

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7.19 Restraints on a Bend at 45o

Rigid rod

Single direction restraints

Move freely +Y direction

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7.19.1 Restraints on a Bend at 30o and 60o

3 nodes angle

0o near point
To node far point

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7.20 Vertical Dummy Leg on Bends

7.20.1 Near/Far Point Method Easy input Dummy leg acts along centerline of vertical run Dummy leg does not act at the proper place on the bend curvature 7.20.2 On Curvature Method Easy input Dummy leg acts at the proper place on the bend curvature Dummy leg does not act along the centerline of the vertical run 7.20.3 Offset Element Method Difficult input Dummy leg acts at the proper place on the bend curvature Dummy leg acts along centerline of vertical run
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7.21 Vertical Leg Attachment Angle

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7.22 Horizontal Dummy Leg on Bends

Dummy leg is defined as a zeroeight rigid supported on one end by a spring can.

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7.23 Large Rotation Rods (Basic Model)

XROD YROD ZROD Gap Len Mu Fi Tolerance : 1o +Y or Y

swing

: 5o

concave

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7.24 Large Rotation Rods (Chain Supports)

Large rotation swing : chain support (Y-Z plane) two pipes : move freely relative to each other in the axial direction (Y-X) plane

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7.25 Large Rotation Rods

Constant Effort Hangers

Very small

Spring Hangers
Stif, Len, Fi : must be filled with or without CNode
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7.26 Large Rotation Rods (Struts)

Rod pull up Large rotation effect. Bilinear : 2 direction Type Stif K1 (Initial Stiffness) Gap K2 (Yield Stiffness)

Mu Fy ( Yield Load)

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Continued

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overheated

Plastic Hinges

bending
Plastic deformation Plastic hinge Translational torsional

Bi-linear restraints
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7.27 Sway Brace Assemblies

Eliminate vibration

Cold position
single compression spring preventing additional movement
Spring rate: 150 lb/in. Initial loading: 150 lb Allowed movement: 3 in.

Example: Sway Brace Installed in the Cold Position

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Chapter VII Restraints Example: Sway Brace Installed in the Operating Condition Spring rate: 150 lb/in. Initial loading: 150 lb Allowed movement: 3.0 in. Calculated displacement: .5 in.

First :
Analyze without the sway brace displacement CAESAR II 0.5 (D2, Vector 2) Load on sway brace = Pre-Load + Hot deflection*Spring Rate
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END OF RESTRAINTS
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