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The al-Quran
( The Main Sources Of Islam )
Madah Talim
Agus Syihabudin
Belief
True piety is this: to believe in God, and the Last Day, the angels, the Book, and the Prophets, to give of ones substance, however cherished, to kinsmen, and orphans, the needy, the traveler, beggars, and to ransom the slave, to perform the prayer, to pay the alms. (Surat al-Baqara, 177)
Linguistic Meaning
Quran root word is QARAA meaning read or recite. Hence, Quran means the reading or the recitation
And (it is) a Quran which We have divided (into parts), in order that you might recite it to men at intervals 17:106
Islamic Meaning
The Quran is the Arabic Speech of Allah, which He revealed to Prophet Muhammad in wording and meaning, and has been preserved in the mushafs, and has reached us by mutawaatir transmission, and is a challenge to mankind to produce something similar to it.
revealed over 22 years (22 y, 2 m and 22 d) Not arranged in the order in which it was revealed Traditionally thought to have been collected under Uthman (d. 656), third caliph Todays text based on the 1925 Egyptian edition
2nd
Legal
Meccan-Madinan Phases
Larger
part of the Quran was revealed in Mecca - mostly deal with beliefs, disputation with unbelievers and their invitation to Islam
surahs deal with legal rules regarding family, society, politics, economics, etc.
Madinan
HUMAN EMBRYO, FLIES, ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE, EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE, ON IRON, SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SKIN, ON BOTANY, THE CONSTITUENTS AND PRODUCE OF MILK, ABOUT THE CLOUDS, THE RIVERS, THE FUNCTION OF THE FOREPART OF THE HEAD See http://www.islam-guide.com/ & http://www.quranandscience.com/miracle s.html
A Gradual Revelation
Wisdom behind gradual revelation 1. To strengthen resolve 25:32
2. To simplify memorization and understanding 3.) To prove the truthfulness of the Prophet 25:33
Verily, We have revealed the Reminder, and verily We shall preserve it. (15:9)
Compilation of Quran
Why wasnt it compiled during the life of the Prophet?
The Quran was written down in totality but the Prophet didnt order that it be compiled between two covers No pressing need Quran continued to be revealedlast verse nine days before death Quran not in chronological order
Memorization of Quran
And We have indeed made the Quran easy to understand and remember, then is there any one who will remember (or receive admonition)? (54:17) It will be said to the companion of the Quran: Recite and rise in status, recite as you used to recite in the world, for your status will be at the last verse that you recite. (Abu Dawood)
Memorization of Quran
The Prophet said: Learn the Quran, preserve it, and recite it in a beautiful, musical manner, because it is swifter in escaping (from your memory) than the camels are from their hobbles. [Musnad Ahmad]
Asbab al-Nuzul
(Occasion of Revelation)
Asbab
al-Nuzul or events which are related to revelation of the Ayats Hukm (law) is not limited to the events or circumstances. Asbab al-Nuzul helps to understand the Quran and its law.
To understand the circumstances in which a verse was revealed To apply verses in a proper manner To know the person who caused the revelation
Abrogation (al-Naskh)
Benefits of this knowledge Understand and implement Quran properly Knowledge of gradual revelation of shariah Defense of Quran and Sunnah
Exegeses (al-Tafsir)
The process of understanding Quranic texts. 1) Tafsir bil matsur based on reports deriving from the Quran, the Prophet, the Companions 2) Tafsir bir rayi based on ijtihad (reasoning)
Hermeneutics discourse of contemporary exegetes: The Quran is not to be treated as a dead text, but as a living text with spirit for transformation.
two matters, that if you adhere to them, you will never be misguided: the book of Allah and the Sunnah of His prophet (Malik)
Virtue of Quran
And if there had been a Quran with which mountains could be moved (from their places), or the earth could be cloven asunder, or the dead could be made to speak (it would not have been other than this Quran). But the decision of all things is certainly with Allah. Have not then those who believed yet known that had Allah willed, He could have guided all mankind? 13:31
30 Avoiding listening to its recitation, beliving in it or paying attention to it Avoiding acting by and respecting what the Quran states as halal and Haram Avoiding accepting the Quran as an arbiter Avoiding pondering over it Avoiding using it as a cure for the diseases of the heart
Right for protection of ones faith Right for protection of ones life Right for freedom of thoughts Right for protection of ones property Right for protection of progeny
God loves to see that His concessions are taken advantage of, just as He hates to see the commission of a sin. (Hadith)
Fulfill your duties to the extent of your ability. (Hadith)