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The loadings that shall be taken into account in designing a component include, but are not limited to, those in (a) through (g) below:
(a) internal and external pressure; (b) impact loads, including rapidly uctuating pressures; (c) weight of the component and normal contents under
operating or test conditions, including additional pressure due to static and dynamic head of liquids; (d) superimposed loads such as other components, operating equipment, insulation, corrosion resistant or erosion resistant linings, and piping; (e) wind loads, snow loads, vibrations, and earthquake loads where specied; (f) reactions of supporting lugs, rings, saddles, or other types of supports;
Design Loadings(NB-3112)
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Design Loadings shall be established in accordance with NCA-2142.1 and the following subparagraphs.
Design Pressure (NB-3112.1)
Design Temperature (NB-3112.2) Design Mechanical Loads(NB-3112.3) Design Stress Intensity Values(NB-3112.4)
Service Conditions(NB-3113)
Level B Conditions. The estimated duration of service conditions for
which Level B Limits are specied shall be included in the Design Specications.
all specied service conditions for which Level C Limits are specied shall not cause more than 25 stress cycles having an Sa value greater than that for 106 cycles from the applicable fatigue design curves.
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NB-3122 Cladding
NB-3123 Welding
NB-3124Environmental Effects
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Membrane Stress: Membrane stress is the component of normal stress which is uniformly distributed and equal to the average value of stress across the thickness of the section under consideration.
Bending Stress: Bending stress is the variable component of normal stress. The variation may or may not be linear across the thickness. Primary Stress: Primary stress is any normal stress or a shear stress developed by an imposed loading which is necessary to satisfy the laws of equilibrium of external and internal forces and moments. The basic characteristic of a primary stress is that it is not self-limiting. Primary stresses which considerably exceed the yield strength will result in failure or, at least, in gross distortion.
(a)
general membrane stress in a circular cylindrical or a spherical shell due to internal pressure or to distributed live loads, Pm; (b) bending stress in the central portion of a at head due to pressure, Pb.
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Peak Stress: Peak stress (F) is that increment of stress which is additive to the primary plus secondary stresses by reason of local discontinuities or local thermal stress including the effects, if any, of stress concentrations.
Total Stress: Total stress is the sum of the primary, secondary, and peak stress contributions. Recognition of each of the individual contributions is essential to establishment of appropriate stress limitations.
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Limit Analysis-Collapse Load: The methods of limit analysis are used to compute the maximum load that a structure assumed to be made of ideally plastic material can carry. At this load, which is termed the collapse load, the deformations of the structure increase without bound.
Ratcheting: Ratcheting is a progressive incremental inelastic deformation or strain which can occur in a component that is subjected to variations of mechanical stress, thermal stress, or both.
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