ETHICS

Topics to be covered

Definition Four levels of ethical questions The tools for ethics The issues a manager must consider in applying ethics

Ethics

The value of what should be done and

what should not be done from the business point of view.

Ethics deals with both conflict &

opportunity in human relationship. ( right & wrong)

Ethical questions fall under one or more of following levels:

Level 4 : Individual Level 3 : Internal policy

Level 2 : Stake holders

Level 1: Society

Tools For Ethics

Values Rights & Duties Moral Rules Human Relation Common Morality The Morality Of Care Applying Ethics Institutional Ethics

1.

Values : Relatively permanent desires that seem to be good in themselves.

2. Rights and Duties : Rights : Claims that entitle a person to take a

particular action. Duties : Obligations to take a specific steps or obey the law.
internalized as moral values.

3. Moral values : Rules for behavior that often become

4. Human relationships: Exchange of mutual support

& accomplishment of goals through relationshipsrelationships are imp. Aspect of moral life- these relationships reflect our values.

Common Morality: The body of moral rules governing ordinary ethical problems. Some basic principle of common morality are :
5.

6. The morality of care :

7. Applying ethics : Managers at modern organization establish rules that may conflict with the rules of common morality. So, one should know how to apply the principles of common morality and the language of ethics to

business situations.

8. Institutionalizing ethics : Ways institutionalizing ethical policy include corporate codes of conduct , ethics committees, ombudsman offices , judicial boards, ethicstraining programmes and social audit.

Relativism

An ethical theory that claims right and wrong is subjectively determined by each culture.

Relativism
There are no independent truths All truths are relative to some framework or other
So, what is true for you might not be true
E.g. Some person, culture etc.

for me

Moral Relativism
The idea that we cannot decide matters of

right and wrong , good and evil in any rational way. There are moral truths , but There are no independent truths about what is morally right or wrong Moral truths are always relative to some group E.g. our moral beliefs are true for us, but not necessarily for other groups

Cultural Relativism
Different ways of defining Cultural Relativism:
1. Different societies have different moral codes. 2. There is no objective standard that can be used

to judge one societal code better than another. 3. There is no universal truth in ethics--that is, there are no moral truths that hold for all peoples at all times. 4. The moral code of a society determines what is right within that society; that is, if the moral code of a society says that a certain action is right, then that action is right, at least within that society.

 Ethics tells us what is right or wrong, or good

or bad, or what we should or ought, or shouldnt or ought not to do.

THANK YOU