Climate change threatens the entire human family.

Yet it also provides an opportunity to come together and forge a collective response to a global problem. It is my hope that we will rise as one to face this challenge, and leave a better world for future generations. Ban Ki- moon, Secretary General of the United Nations.

Pakistan HDI Comparison

HDI Value Life Expectancy at birth Adult Literacy rate (% ages 15 and older) 2006 116 49.9 2007 124 49.9 Combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrolment ratio (%) 2006 158 38.4 2007 158 40 GDP percapita (PPP US $) 2006 124 2.225 2007 127 2.37

Year Ranking Value

2006 134 0.539

2007 136 0.551

2006 123 63.4

2007 123 64.6

Pakistan GDI Comparison

Human Poverty Index (HPII) 2004 Probability of not serving past age 40 (%) Adult illiteracy rate (% ages 15 and older)

People without access to improved water source (%) 2004

children underweight for age (% ages 0-5) 2004

Year

200 6

2007

200 6

2007

2006

2007

2006

200 7

2006

2007

Rank

65

77

117

118

106

149

38

35

121

122

Value

36.3

36.2

16.1

15.4

50.1

50.1

38

38

Regional Comparison Of Gender-Related Development

Gender-related Development Index (GDI) GenderEmpowerment Measure (GEM) Human Development Index (HDI)

Country

Value 0.735 0.600 0.539 0.525

Rank 89 113 121 125

Value 0.369 NA 0.379 0.377

Rank 85 NA 81 82

Value 0.743 0.619 0.551 0.547

Rank 99 128 136 140

Sri Lanka
India Banglades h Pakistan

MDGs and Climate Change

Millennium Development Goals
MDG 1
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

Climate Change Risks

Depleted livelihood assets, reduced economic growth, and undermined food security. Reduced ability of children to participate in full-time education by loss of infrastructure, livelihoods (forcing children to work), and displaced families. Additional burdens on women's health and time to participate in decision-making and income-generating activities. Greater prevalence of vector- and waterborne diseases, heat-related mortality. Declining food security, maternal health and availability of potable water. Negatively impacted natural resources and productive ecosystems.

MDG 2

Achieve universal primary education

MDG 3

Promote gender equality and empower women Reduce child mortality; Improve maternal health; Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Ensure environmental sustainability

MDGs 4, 5, 6

MDG 7

The Century climate challenge

st 21

One generation plants a tree; the next generation gets the shade. Chinese Proverb You already know enough. So do I. It is not knowledge we lack. What is missing is the courage to understand what we know and to draw conclusions. Sven Lindqvist

Rising CO2 emissions are pushing up stocks & increasing temperatures

In the past 100 years the earth has warmed 0.70C Atmospheric concentrations of CO2 are increasing at 1.9 ppm each year. It reached 379 ppm in 2005 Between 2000 and 2005 an average of 26 Gt of CO2 was released into the atmosphere each year

The Global carbon account

Defining dangerous keeping within 2C
Establishing a 21st Century carbon budget Defining a sustainable emissions pathway The problem of inertia the case for adaptation

Some people walk more lightly than others

The UK (population 60 million) emits more CO2 than Egypt, Nigeria, Pakistan and Vietnam (total population 472 million) The state of Texas (population 23 million) has a deeper footprint than the whole sub-Saharan Africa (720 million people) The 19 million people living in New York have a deeper footprint than the 766 million people living in the 50 least developed countries The distribution of current emissions points to an inverse relationship between climate change vulnerability and responsibility

How many planets?

If every person living in the developing world would have the same carbon footprint as an average person in the US or Canada, we would need the equivalent of nine planets to absorb the consequent carbon emissions

Climate shocks: risk and vulnerability in an unequal world

The countries most vulnerable are least able to protect themselves. They also contribute least to the global emissions of greenhouse gases. Without action they will pay a high price for the actions of others. Kofi Annan Like slavery and apartheid, poverty is not natural. It is man-made and it can be overcome and eradicated by the actions of human beings. Nelson Mandela

Disaster risk is skewed towards developing countries

1 in 19 people are affected in developing countries

The corresponding number is 1 in 1,500 in OECD countries

A risk differential of 79

The human development backdrop

Poverty, child mortality and malnutrition
There are still around 1 billion people living on less than a dollar a day. Around 28 percent of children in LDCs are underweight or stunted. Only 32 countries (of 147) are on track to achieve the MDG on child mortality

Inequality
More than 80 percent of the worlds population lives in countries where income differentials are widening Underlying inequalities act as a barrier for early recovery after shocks

Low human development traps

The potential human costs of climate change have been understated
Climate related risks force people into downward spirals of disadvantage that undermine future opportunities In Ethiopia, children exposed to a drought in early childhood are 36 percent more likely to be malnourished five years later a figure that translates into 2 million additional cases of child malnutrition Indian women born during a drought or a flood in the 1970s were 19 percent less likely to ever attend primary school

Five human development tipping points

Reduced agricultural productivity Heightened water insecurity Increased exposure to extreme weather events Collapse of ecosystems Increased health risks

Avoiding dangerous climate change: strategies for mitigation

We shall require a substantially new manner of thinking if mankind is to survive. Albert Einstein
If you are neutral in a situation of injustice, you have chosen the side of the oppressor. Archbishop Desmond Tutu

Alone we can do so little; together we can do so much. Helen Keller

Avoiding dangerous climate change strategies for mitigation

Setting mitigation targets: current problems Pricing carbon: the role of markets
The role of public policy: regulation and research & development

Investing in Adaptation
Additional financing needs for climate proofing infrastructure and building resilience are estimated to be at least 86 billion by 2015 - Climate proofing infrastructure - Social protection - Strengthening disaster response

Climate change negotiations in Bali

Towards a comprehensive agreement that tackles climate change on all fronts including adaptation, mitigation, deforestation, clean technologies and resource mobilization Four pillars: Financing for mitigation Funding for adaptation Support to capacity development Mainstreaming climate change (through technology transfer)

The Human Development Report underscores that:

The poor are suffering and will suffer more with climate change. They are at greatest risk to face human development reversals leading to low human development traps. Climate change is an urgent matter. We need to act now.
Both mitigation and adaptation are needed to truly fight climate change and the threats it poses to humanity. Rich countries must cut emissions by 30% by 2020 and 80% by 2050.

The Human Development Report underscores that:

International cooperation on finance and technology transfer is needed. The report argues for the creation of a Climate Change Mitigation Facility. Extreme inequalities in adaptation capacity exist. International cooperation has been slow to materialize. Adaptation plans needs need to be part of wider strategies of poverty alleviation.

 The world has less than a decade to avoid dangerous climate change that could bring unprecedented human development reversals Climate change is a threat to humanity as a whole. But it is the poor, a constituency with no responsibility for the ecological debt we are running up, who face the most immediate and most severe human costs

The Human Development Report 2007/2008 calls for a twin track approach that combines stringent mitigation to limit 21st Century warming to less than 2 degree centigrade, with strengthened international cooperation on adaptation
The forthcoming conference of the parties in Bali is a unique opportunity to put the interests of the worlds poor and future generations at the heart of climate change negotiations

http://hdr.undp.org