Millennium Development Goals (MDG)

Why the MDGs ?

The 1990s: a decade of faltering progress
progress continued but too slowly to reach agreed targets and progress slowing down .. need more care on Under-5 mortality rate
Maternal mortality rate Child malnutrition Water and sanitation Income poverty

Primary education

MDGs are meant to accelerate progress

In Sep 2000, representatives of 189 countries met in New York at the U.N. Millennium Summit. The agreed binding outcome of the Summit was the Millennium Declaration. Rich countries are held accountable for providing greater support, i.e. providing more debt relief and allowing greater access to their markets So developing countries are motivated to adopt MDG development strategies A U.N. working group later supplemented the Declaration by devising a set of 8 Goals, which were eventually formulated as 21 Targets, which were measured by 60 Indicators.

The millennium goals: an overview

1. 2. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
million are hungry) (1.2 billion have less than $1 a day, 800

Achieve universal primary education

(113 million children are not in school)

3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Promote gender equality and empower women

(60% of children not in school are girls, women have on average only 14% of seats in parliaments)

Reduce child mortality (every day 30,000 children die of preventable causes.) Improve maternal health (In Africa, a woman has 1 chance in 13 of dying in
childbirth)

Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases

HIV/AIDS, 75% of them in Africa)

(40 million are living with

Ensure environmental sustainability

clean water, over 2 billion to sanitation)

(1.1 billion people do not have access to

Develop a global partnership for development (ODA declined from 53 to 51

billion from 1990 to 2001)

MDG: Target and Indicators

Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger
Targets 1 Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day

Indicators (3) 1.1 Proportion of population below $1 (PPP) per day 1.2 Poverty gap ratio 1.3 Share of poorest quintile in national consumption Targets 2 Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people

Indicators (4) 2.1. Growth rate of GDP per person employed 2.2. Employment to population ratio 2.3.Proportion of employed people living below $1 per day 2.4. Proportion of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment Targets 3 Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

Indicators (2) 3.1. Prevalence of underweight children under-five years 3.2. Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption

MDG: Target and Indicators

Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education
Targets 4 Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling 4.1. Net enrollment ratio in primary education 4.2. Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach last grade of primary education 4.3. Literacy rate of 1524 year-olds, women and men

Indicators (3)

Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women

Targets 5 Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015 5.1 Ratios of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education 5.3. Share of women in wage employment in the nonagricultural sector 5.4. Proportion of seats held by women in parliament

Indicators (3)

MDG: Target and Indicators

Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality
Targets 6 Indicators (3) Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate 6.1 Under-five mortality rate 6.2 Infant mortality rate 6.3 Proportion of 1-year-old children immunized Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio 7.1 Maternal mortality ratio 7.2 Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Contraceptive prevalence rate Adolescent birth rate Antenatal care coverage Unmet need for family planning

Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health

Targets 7 Indicators (2)

Targets 8 Indicators (4)

MDG: Target and Indicators

Goal 6: Combat HYV / AIDS, Malaria and other diseases
Targets 9 Indicators (4) Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS 9.1. HIV prevalence for aged 1524 years 9.2. Condom use at last high-risk sex 9.3. Proportion of population aged 1524 years with comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS 9.4. Ratio of orphans to non-orphans school attendance aged 1014 years

Targets 10
Indicators (1)

Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it
10.1. Proportion of population with advanced HIV infection with access to antiretroviral drugs Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health 11.1. Incidence and death rates associated with malaria 11.2. Proportion of under 5 children sleeping at mosquito-bite 11.3. Proportion of children under 5 with fever who are treated with anti-malarial drugs 11.4. Incidence, prevalence, and death rates for tuberculosis 11.5. Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured under directly observed treatment

Targets 11 Indicators (5)

MDG: Target and Indicators

Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability
Targets 12 Indicators (5) Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies & programs and reverse loss of environmental resources 12.1. 12.2. 12.3. 12.4. 12.5. Proportion of land area covered by forest CO2 emissions, total, per capita, and per $1 GDP (PPP) Consumption of ozone-depleting substances Proportion of fish stocks within safe biological limits Proportion of total water resources used

Targets 13
Indicators (2) Targets 14 Indicators (2)

Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss
13.1. Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected 13.2. Proportion of species threatened with extinction Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation 14.1. Proportion of population using an improved drinking water source 14.2. Proportion of population using an improved sanitation By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers 15.1. Proportion of urban population living in slums

Targets 15 Indicators (1)

MDG: Target and Indicators

Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development
Targets 16 Targets 17 Targets 18 Targets 19 Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, nondiscriminatory trading and financial system Address the special needs of the least developed countries Address the special needs of landlocked developing countries and small island developing States Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term 19.1 Net ODA, total and to the least developed countries, as percentage of OECD/DAC donors gross national income 19.2 Proportion of total bilateral, sector-allocable ODA of OECD/DAC donors to basic social services (basic education, primary health care, nutrition, safe water and sanitation) 19.3 Proportion of bilateral official development assistance of OECD/DAC donors that is untied 19.4 ODA received in landlocked developing countries as a proportion of their gross national incomes 19.5 ODA received in small island developing states as a proportion of their gross national

Indicators (5)

Identifying MDG Progress (Numerical)

Rates of progress
actual rate required rate Actual annual rate of progress - deprivation indicators (poverty, hunger, IMR)

Xti - Xt0 Xt0 t1-t0

t0 1990 or closest year t1 most recent year Xt0 value of indicator in t0 year Xt1 value of indicator in t1 year

Required Rate of Progress (RP):

-1/2 -2/3 -3/4 -1 -1 -1/2

Indicator
Poverty incidence Under-5 mortality Maternal mortality ratio Net enrolment ratio (no non-enrolled) Gender ratios (no girls deprived) Percentage of access to safe drinking water to non-access group

RP

Target Year - Baseline Year

Progress: Actual vs Required Rate

Assessment
Slow or reversing

Condition
Actual rate of progress is less than half required rate of progress

Moderate

Actual rate of progress is more than half but less than the required rate of progress
Actual rate of progress is equal to or greater than required rate of progress

Fast

Eradicate Extreme Poverty

Target: Reduce extreme poverty by half
World Year Baseline year value 1991 Value 33 Bangladesh Year 1991 Value 58.8

Goal year value

Current year value Actual rate of progress Required rate of progress (=-1/2) Assessed rate of progress

2015
2005

16.5
22 -0.023 - 0.021 Fast

2015
2005

29.4
40 -0.022 -0.021 Fast

Progress but created disparity in Bangladesh, However, the situation was not good in 2008. Gini coefficient in income increased from 0.259 in 1991 to 0.306 in 2000, Inequality increased in Bangladesh.

Reduce Child Mortality

Target: Reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
World Year Baseline year value Goal year value Current year value Actual rate of progress Required rate of progress (=-2/3) Assessed rate of progress 1990 2015 2007 Value 93 31 67 -0.016 - 0.027 Moderate Bangladesh Year 1991 2015 2006 Value 151 50 62 -0.039 -0.027 Fast

Higher progress in Bangladesh Under five mortality greatly reduced in Bangladesh because of rising awareness and expanding vaccination programs in both rural and urban areas.

Improve Maternal Health

Target: Reduce maternal mortality by three-fourth
World
Year Baseline year value Goal year value 1990 2015 Value 430 108

Bangladesh
Year 1991 2015 Value 574 144

Current year value

Actual rate of progress Required rate of progress (=-3/4) Assessed rate of progress

2005

400
-0.005 - 0.03

2006

290
-0.033 -0.03 Fast

Slow

Higher progress in Bangladesh, Maternal mortality greatly reduced in Bangladesh because of expanding maternal health care programs both by government and NGOs.

Achieve Universal Primary Education

Target: 100% enrollment and completion of primary education
World Year Baseline year value (non-enrolled %) Goal year value (non-enrolled %) Current year value (non-enrolled %) Actual rate of progress 1991 2015 2007 Value 18 0 11 -0.024 Bangladesh Year 1991 2015 2006 Value 40 0 13 -0.045

Required rate of progress (= -1)

among non-enrolled boys and girls

-0.04
Moderate

-0.04
Fast

Assessed rate of progress

Higher progress in Bangladesh Primary school enrollment in Bangladesh increased highly because of free distribution of books, food for education /stipend programs, ete.

Promote Gender Inequality

Target: Made Ratio of boys to girls in all levels of education to 1
World
Year Value

Bangladesh
Year Value

Baseline year value (girls deprived)

Goal year value (girls deprived) Current year value (girls deprived) Actual rate of progress Required rate of progress (= -1)
among girls deprived

1991
2015 2007

0.11
0 0.04 -0.045 -0.04

1992
2015 2005

0.54
0 0.46 -0.012 -0.04

Assessed rate of progress

Fast

Slow

Slow progress in Bangladesh, Disparity reduced in primary and secondary level but not much in tertiary education, It is, however, expanding because of government incentive programs

Ensure Safe Water Resource

Target: Reduce the proportion of population have non-access to safe water resources by half World Year Baseline year value (non-access) 1990 Value 23 Bangladesh (rural) Year 1990 Value 31

Goal year value (non-access)

Current year value (non-access)

2015
2006

11.5
13

2015
2006

15.5
25

Actual rate of progress

Required rate of progress (= -1/2) Assessed rate of progress

-0.03
-0.02 Fast

-0.012
-0.02 Moderate

Slow Progress in Urban Bangladesh Actual progress for urban areas in Bangladesh is almost zero indicating that the availability of safe water resources are reversing in urban Bangladesh.