MEGACO/H.

248
Switching Core Network Signalling - M14/U4

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Nokia Siemens Networks Academy

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Document change history

Date Version Name Change comment

Mar 3, 08

Pubate Satienpoch

Revised and update from M13 to M14/U4

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Introduction
Megaco/H.248 has been jointly developed by IETF and ITU-T Support separation of: Call control entity (MSS) from Bearer Control entity (MGW) Bearer Control entity (MGW) from transport entity (eg. ATM or IP) First defined in RFC3525 and H.248.1 version1 Updated in H.248.1 v.2&3 RFC5125 (Feb 08)

Media Gateway Controller

BICC

Media Gateway Controller

Megaco/ H.248

Media Gateway

IP/ATM

Media Gateway

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H.248 based Call Bearer Control Protocol concept

With the concept of separation of Call Control and Bearer Control entity, Call
Bearer Control is a protocol (CBC) used between them Different applications (eg VoIP, UMTS R4&R5) have different requirements for CBC Main tasks of CBC are for example:

Control bearer connection setup, modification and release Indication of events concerning the bearer connection Trigger and detection of tones and signals on the bearer Retrieval of statistics about the bearer connection

IETF/ITU-T defined a basic framework for CBC based on Megaco/H.248 to avoid

the need to defined different CBC for different applications

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CBC component
For a CBC the following are needed:
Framework: functional architecture, interfaces and

abstract models. Commands: the basic communication units exchange between functional units defined in the framework. Properties: parameters and their values typically used to describe bearers Events: what is detectable by MGW and reportable to the MSS Signals: various indications running on the bearer such as busy tone, dialling tone Statistics: describes which information is to be collected by the MGW about the bearer termination

Call Bearer Control Protocol Framework

H.248

Commands

H.248 defined Framework, commands, and basic

properties, Events, Signals and Statistics Properties, Events, Signals, and Statistics are defined in Packages

Properties Events Signals Statistics

H.248 Packages

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Connection Model : Main concept for H.248

Termination : Source or Sink of
media flows, it represent one or more stream entering or leaving MGW
Physical : Associated with
physical resource TDM
Context Termination AAL2 channel
Termination TDM TSL

Termination
RTP Port

Ephemeral : Created when

needed such as ATM, IP

Context Termination * Termination AAL2 Channel

Context : An association within the

collection of terminations

RTP Port

Possible to have one or more terminations depends on scenario such as multiparty call, normal 2 party call, or a call in the beginning of setup phase

Context * Termination AAL2 Channel

Null Context

Termination TDM TSL

Null Context : Pools of TDM

termination which are not used

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Context and its attributes

Context ID, may be wildcarded
Context ID 0x0 is used to indicate the NULL Context Context ID 0xFFFFFFFE is used to indicate a CHOOSE wildcard Context ID 0xFFFFFFFF is used to indicate an ALL wildcard

Topology
(T1,T2,Bothway) (T1,T2,Oneway) (T1,T2,Isolate)

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Termination attributes
Termination ID : 4 octets
Termination Type: 3 bits X : 29 bits

000 Reserved 001 Ephemeral termination 010 TDM termination 011 - 110 Reserved 111 Reserved for ROOT termination Id (ROOT termination ID =0xFFFFFFFF) Wildcarding field (1 octet) can be used in front of termination ID Bit 7 = 1 : All Bit 7 = 0 : Choose

Descriptors which describe

Characterizing properties of a termination (parameter of bearer) Signals to apply to a termination Event to detect and report by a termination Statistics accumulated on a termination These descriptors are manipulated by a command in the form of command parameter

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Command
H.248 commands are used to manipulate context and termination. Parameters of a command which consists of a name and a list of items Example structure of command
Command name Termination id Local termination state descriptor Local Termination Descriptor, Remote Termination Descriptor Event descriptor Signal descriptor
MGC
Add Subtract Move Modify

MGC
Notify

MGC
ServiceChange

AuditValue
AuditCapability

MGW

MGW

MGW

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Command
Add : add a termination to a context and may be used to create a new context.

Modify : modify properties, events and signals of a termination

Subtract : remove a termination from a context. The command disconnects a Termination from its
Context. The Subtract command on the last termination in a context deletes the context.

Move : moves a termination from one context to another

AuditValue : return information about the current state of properties, events, signals and statistics of
Terminations

AuditCapabilities : return information about all the possible values for Termination properties, events and
signals allowed by the MGW

Notify : allow the MGW to informs the MGC of the occurrence of event in the MGW ServiceChange : allow the MGW to notify the MGC that a Termination or group of Terminations is about
to be taken out of service or has just been returned to service, and allow MGW to announce its availability to an MGC (registration). The MGC may also use ServiceChange to instruct the MGW to take a termination or group of terminations in or out of service

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Descriptors
Descriptor name Media TerminationState Stream Local Remote LocalControl Events Signals Audit Packages ServiceChange ObservedEvents Statistics Error Description A list of media stream specifications. Properties of a Termination (which can be defined in Packages) that are not stream specific. A list of remote/local/localControl descriptors for a single stream. Contains properties that specify the media flows that the MG receives from the remote entity. Contains properties that specify the media flows that the MG sends to the remote entity. Contains properties (which can be defined in packages) that are of interest between the MG and the MGC. Describes events to be detected by the MG and what to do when an event is detected. Describes signals applied to Terminations. In Audit commands, identifies which information is desired. In AuditValue, returns a list of Packages realized by Termination. In ServiceChange, what, why service change occurred, etc. In Notify or AuditValue, report of events observed. In Subtract and Audit, report of Statistics kept on a Termination. Contains an error code and optionally error text; it may occur in command replies and in Notify requests.

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Media Descriptor
Media Descriptor : specifies parameters for all the media streams Termination state descriptor Stream descriptor Local Control descriptor Local descriptor Remote descriptor

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Termination State descriptor

Termination state descriptor : properties that are not stream dependent The ServiceStates Property describes the overall state of the termination (not stream specific) "Test" indicates that the termination is being tested
"OutOfService "InService"
indicates that the termination cannot be used for traffic indicates that a termination can be used or is being used for normal traffic

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Stream descriptor
Stream descriptor : parameter of a single bidirectional stream Local Control descriptor : Mode property :

Inactive: The termination does not pass any media for the stream. SendOnly: The termination passes media for the stream from the interior to the exterior of the context. RecvOnly: The termination passes media for the stream from the exterior to the interior of the context. SendRecv:The termination passes media for the stream both into and out of the context. LoopBack:The termination loops received media for the stream back to the sender .

Local /Remote descriptor :

reserve and commit MGW resources for media decoding and encoding for the given stream and

termination MGW includes these descriptors in its response to indicate what it is actually prepared to support. Local refers to the media received by the MGW and Remote refers to the media sent by the MGW main goal of local and remote descriptors is to define the address information where we want to receive the media (Local) or where we will send the media (Remote).

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Event Descriptor
Event Descriptor : contains Request ID + list of events for MGW to detect and report Events can have parameters To allow an event description to have variation in meaning without creating large number of event When an event is processed and found to be present in that descriptor ("recognized"), the default action of the MG is to send a Notify Command to the MGC

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Observed Event descriptor

Observed Event descriptor Supplied with Notify command to inform MSS of event detected in MGW Request ID of the triggered Event Descriptor + event detected

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Signal descriptor
Signals descriptor Contain the set of signals that MGW is asked to apply to a Termination Signal possibly have parameters There are three types of signals:
OnOff (OO): the signal lasts until it is turned off; TimeOut (TO): the signal lasts until a specific period of time expire;
Brief (BR): the signal will stop on its own unless a new Signals Descriptor is applied that causes it to stop .

Signal direction: Indicates the directionality applied to a termination

External: The signal is applied on a termination so that none of the other terminations in the context hear it. Internal: The other terminations in the context hears it. Bothway: All the terminations in the context hears it as well as it being sent external to the MGW.

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Audit descriptor
Audit descriptor specifies what information is to be audited specifies the list of descriptors and/or individual properties to be returned Possible items in Audit Descriptors are: Events Media Signals ObservedEvents Statistics Packages

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ServiceChange descriptor
ServiceChange descriptor contains, for example ServiceChange Method eg. Graceful, Force, Restart ServiceChange Reason eg. Cold boot, MG impending failure, MGC impending failure ServiceChange Delay ServiceChange Profile, specify the profile of the protocol supported ServiceChange Version, contains protocol version Timestamp

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Statistics descriptor
Statistics descriptor provides information describing the status and usage of a termination

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Package descriptor
Package descriptor Used only with the AuditValue command Returns a list of packages realized by the termination

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Error descriptor
Error descriptor If a responder encounters an error when processing a transaction request, it must include an Error Descriptor in its response It consists of an IANA-registered error code, optionally accompanied by an error text ITU-T Rec. H.248.8 contains a list of valid error codes and error descriptions

IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)

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Transaction and Message

Commands are grouped into Transaction each of which identified by Transaction ID. Transaction contains one or more Actions. An Action consists of a list of Commands that are limited to operating within a single Context
which are specified by a ContextID. All commands within the same actions will be executed sequentially in the order described in the transaction. Several transactions can be later concatenated into a message. Such transactions remain independent though and no order is implied by such a concatenation. A Transaction can be:
TransactionRequests TransactionReply (corresponding responses to a TransactionRequest are received in a single reply) TransactionPending (is used to periodically notify the receiver that a Transaction has not completed yet

Example form a Transaction: TransactionRequest (TransactionId=12345 ContextId=* Add(T3, ) ContextId=C1 Modify(T1 ) )

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Transaction and Message

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Transport and Codes

Possible transports defined in H.248/Megaco

H.248

3GPP defined stack for pure IP

H.248 SCTP

3GPP defined stack for mixed IP&ATM

H.248 M3UA

3GPP defined stack for pure ATM

H.248 MTP3b SAAL ATM

SCTP

TCP IP

UDP

SCTP IP IP

-NSN support both SCTP and TCP for Transport -SCTP Server port number
- 2944 : Text Encoding (ABNF: Augmented Backus-Naur form) - 2945 : Binary Encoding (ASN.1 : Abstract Syntax Notation 1)

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Non Call-Related Transaction

Transaction used in ITU-T Recommendation Q.1950 BIWF_Service_Cancellation_Indication BIWF_Lost_Communication BIWF_Service_Restoration_Indication

Procedure defined in 3GPP TS 23.205 MGW Out of Service MGW Communication Up MGW Restoration

BIWF_Registration
BIWF_Re-Registration CCU Ordered BIWF Re-Registration CCU Initiated Service Restoration CCU Initiated Service Cancellation

MGW Register
MGW Re-register (G)MSC Server Ordered Re-register (G)MSC Server Restoration (G)MSC Server Out of Service

BIWF_Service_Cancellation_Indication
BIWF_Service_Restoration_Indication Audit_Values Audit_Capabilities BIWF_Capability_Change

Termination Out-of-Service
Termination Restoration Audit Value Audit Capability Capability Update

MGW Resource Congestion Handling - Activate MGW Resource Congestion Handling - Indication

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Call-Related Transaction
Transaction used in ITU-T Recommendation Q.1950 [23] Change_Topology Join Isolate Establish_BNC_Notify+(tunnel) Prepare_BNC_Notify+(tunnel) Cut_Through Not defined in Q.1950 Cut_BNC (include several procedures). BNC Established BNC Release Procedure defined in 3GPP TS 23.205 [2] and 3GPP TS 23.153 [1] Change Flow Direction Join Bearer Termination Isolate Bearer Termination Establish Bearer Prepare Bearer Change Through-Connection Activate Interworking Function Release Bearer (Release Bearer and Release termination) Bearer Established Bearer Released

Insert_Tone
Insert_Annoucement Signal Completion Detect_Digit Insert_Digit Detected digit(BIWF) Confirm_Char

Send Tone
Play Announcement Announcement Completed Detect DTMF Send DTMF Report DTMF Confirm Char

Modify_ Char
Reserve_Char_Notify BNC Modified Echo Canceller

Modify Char
Reserve Char Bearer Modified Activate Voice Processing Function

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Call-Related Transaction (Cont.)

Transaction used in ITU-T Recommendation Q.1950 [23] BNC Connected BNC Modification failure Tunnel (MGC-MGW) Tunnel (MGW-MGC) Insert Tone Insert Announcement Detect Digits Insert Digit Signal.Completion Not defined Not defined Not defined Not defined Not defined Procedure defined in 3GPP TS 23.205 [2] and 3GPP TS 23.153 [1] No definition yet Bearer Modified Failed Tunnel Information Down Tunnel Information Up Stop Tone Stop Announcement Stop DTMF Detection Stop DTMF Tone Completed Reserve Circuit Command Rejected TFO Activation Codec_Modify Optimal Codec and Distant List_Notify

Not defined
Modify Char Not defined Not defined Not defined Not defined Not defined

Distant Codec List

Modify Bearer Characteristics IWF Protocol Indication Bearer Modification Support CTM repor Prepare IP transport Modify IP transport address

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Packages
Properties, Events, Signals, and Statistics are defined in the Package

PackageID uniquely identifies the package and the ID of the item uniquely
identifies the item in that package

Packages can also be defined by any organisation; a vendor could even

define its own packages to adapt the functionality to its architecture. This is regarded as private packages.

Private packages are required to either support proprietary functionality

and/ or to enhance existing defined public functionality. For example, NokiaTrace package has been proposed to the 3GPP. It enables activation of GSM/UMTS trace from Nokia MSC Server to Nokia MGW

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Private Packages
Package ID are reserved by IANA, can be found on
http://www.iana.org/assignments/megaco-h248

Public package : defined in H.248, ITU-T Q.1950, and 3GPP TS 29.232 specification Private package : Nokia, Ericsson,

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Profiles
Defines how the H.248 protocol is used and what functionality is supported by the MGW Specifies what options associated with H.248 have been used:


Naming Convention: Addressing associated with the name of MGC/MG Termination Names: The termination identity structure Topology Descriptor: The topology descriptor used by one profile TimeStamps: Specifies whether timestamps will be used in the ServiceChange and/or Notify commands Transport: Specifies what transport are supported by the profile Encoding: Specifies what encoding is supported by the profile Packages: Specifies the packages that are supported in this profile Procedure: Specifies the procedures that are associated with the profile

A profile is identified by a Name (IANA registered) and a Version

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