An

BSNL

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING PRESENTATION

ON

GSM & 3G

Himanshu Garg B.tech 4th year Electronics & Communication Roll No. 1102731906

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INTRODUCTION

BSNL is India's oldest and largest Communication Service Provider (CSP). Currently BSNL has a customer base of 64.8 million (Basic & Mobile telephony). It has footprints throughout India. The foundation of Telecom Network in India was laid by the British in 19th century. The Government of India corporatized the operations wing of DoT on October 01 , 2000 and named it as Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL). BSNL commanded a customer base of 33.7 million Wireline, 3.6 million CDMA-WLL and 27.5 million GSM Mobile subscribers. BSNL's earnings for the Financial Year ending March 31 , 2010 stood at INR 401.8b (US$ 9.09 b) with net profit of INR 89.4b (US$ 2.02 billion).

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Communication - Mobile

Subscriber Line (2W)

Inter-Exchange Junction

BSC BTS
Telephone Exchange
Mobile Switching Centre (MSC)

MS

CELLULAR MOBILE CONCEPTS

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WHAT IS A CELL ?
A base station (transmitter) having a number of

RF channels is called a cell Each cell covers a a limited number of mobile subscribers within the cell boundaries ( Coverage area) Typical Cell Radius Aprrox = 30 Km (Start up), 1 KM (Mature)

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A RADIO CELL
Voice Channels

Lines to BSC

Or control channels

MS

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Fundamental problems

Radio range, or coverage

No. of channels, or voice circuits Full, seamless service coverage Large no. of subscribers in the range of millions

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CELLULAR MOBILE CONCEPTS

FERQUENCY SCARCITY PROBLEM

Tel Ex.

WIRED NETWORK

BW for Telephony speech: 3KHz increases to 25 KHz with FM for Radio Trans. 100,000

50 Khz = 5 Ghz

(NOT POSSIBLE)

Hence Individual RF Loop is not extended

But a Common group of channels is shared

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GSM FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access

890 25 MHz
0

915
1 2

935 25 MHz
0 1 Base to Mobile

960
2

Mobile to Base
890.2
890.4 890.6
(MHz)

935.2

935.4

935.6

200 kHz

45MHz

200 kHz

Channel layout and frequency bands of operation

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GSM TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)

Amplitude

45 MHz
7 8 5 6 2 1 3 4 2 1 3 4 5 6 7 8

Frequency

F1 (Cell Rx)

F2

F2 F1 (Cell transmit)

Typical TDMA/ FDMA frame structure

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FDMA/TDMA Scheme

TIME

BP2 BP1 BP8 BP7 BP6 BP5 BP4 BP3 BP2 BP1 890.0 890.2 890.4 890.6 890.8 891.0 891.2

BURST

F
R A M E FREQ
915.8MHz

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Network Architecture
OSS
HLR

1 MSC=16 BSC 1 BSC=1024 TRU

PSTN ISDN

B T S B T S

BSC BSC
A-bis interface

MSC VLR

A Interface
B T S

Data Networks

Air interface

MSC VLR

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GSM Network Structure

GSM Service Area: Total area served by the

combination of all member countries where a mobile can be served. PLMN Service Area: It is one N/W area.

MSC Service Area: There can many MSC/VLR in one

PLMN area.It is one Mobile Exch. Area. GMSC: All I/C calls for PLMN N/W will be routed through GMSC. In a GSM/PLMN N/W all mobile terminated calls will be routed to a Gateway MSC. Call connections between PLMNs , or to fixed N/Ws must be routed to a GMSC.The GMSC contains the Inter working functions to make these connections.

Location Area Cells

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GSM Network Structure

LOCATION AREA : There are several LA in a MSC/VLR

combination. A LA is a part of the MSC/VLR service area in which a MS may move freely without updating location information to the MSC/VLR exchange that control the LA. Within a LA a paging message is broadcast in order to find the called mobile subs. LA can be identified by system using the LAI. CELL : A cell is an identity served by one BTS. The MS distinguishes between cells using the BASE STATION IDENTIFICATION CODE(BSIC) that the cell site broadcast over the air.

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GSM PLMN Service Area

I
MSC/VLR MSC/VLR

II
MSC/VLR

IV

MSC/VLR

III

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GSM
MSC Service Area
LA 1 LA 2

LA 3

LA 6 LA 4

MSC/VLR
LA 5

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GSM Cells

C1

LA 1

LA 2

LA 3
C2 C5 C6 C4

C3

C7

LA 6 LA 4 MSC/VLR LA 5
C = Cell

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GSM Relation between areas in GSM

CellArea Location Area served by a BTS Location Area MSC Service Area PLMN Service Area GSM Service Area

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GSM Functions of Mobile Station

Voice and data transmission Frequency and time synchronization Monitoring of power and signal quality of the surrounding cells Provision of location updates even during inactive state Equalization of multi path distortions

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GSM Mobile Station

Portable, vehicle mounted, hand held MS identified by unique IMEI(International Mobile Equipment
Identity)

Shall display at least last ten received, dialled and missed calls Minimum talk time of 1hr 30 min. and standby time of 80 hrs

160 characters long SMS

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GSM IMSI

International mobile subscribers Identity

The IMSI is an unique identity which is used internationally and used within the network to identify the mobile subscribers. The IMSI is stored on the subscriber identity module (SIM), the HLR, VLR and AC database.

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RADIO SUB SYSTEM (RSS)

MSC/VLR

BSC BSC

BSC

RSS
n BTS n BTS

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GSM FUNCTION OF BTS -I

Encodes, encrypts, multiplexes, modulates and feeds the RF signals to the antenna Transcoding and rate adaption Functionality Time and frequency synchronisation signals transmission. 11 power classes from .01 watts to 320 watts

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GSM FUNCTION OF BTS -II

Frequency hopping
Random access detection

Uplink radio channel measurements

BTS mainly consists of a set of transceivers (TRX).

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GSM FUNCTIONS OF BSC-I

It is connected to BTS and offloads MSC Radio resource management Inter-cell handover Reallocation of frequencies Power control

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GSM FUNCTIONS OF BSC-II

Time delay measurement of the received signals from MS with respect to BTS clock.
Performs traffic concentration to reduce the number of lines from BSC to MSC.

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GSM MSC-BSS Configurations

Multi - cell site (sector Cells Configuration -5 A BTS A BSS Single - cell site Configuration -1 BTS BTS BTS Many single cell sites

MSC

BSS

A-bis BSC A-bis

BTS BTS

BTS MCC: Mobile Switching Centre

Configuration -6

Multi - cell site = multi--BTS site

BSS: Base Station System

BSC: Base Station Controller BTS: Base Transceiver Station

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GSM
MSC ( MOBILE SWITCHING CENTRE)
Manages communication between GSM & other network Call setup functions, basic switching are done MSC takes into account the RR allocation in addition to normal exchange functions MSC does gateway function while its customers roams to other network by using HLR /VLR

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GSM MSC Functions - I

Paging, specifically call handling
Location updation

Handover management
Billing for all subscribers based in its area Reallocation of frequencies to BTSs in its area to meet heavy demands

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GSM MSC Functions - II

Echo canceller operation control Signaling interface to databases like HLR, VLR. Gateway to SMS between SMS centers and subscribers Handle interworking function while working as GMSC
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GSM VISITOR LOCATION REGISTER (VLR)-I

It controls those mobiles roaming in its area.
VLR reduces the number of queries to HLR One VLR may be incharge of one or more LA. VLR is updated by HLR on entry of MS its area. VLR assigns TMSI which keeps on changing.

IMSI detach and attach operation

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GSM Data in VLR

IMSI & TMSI MSISDN MSRN. Location Area Supplementary service parameters MS category Authentication Key

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GSM Home Location Register(HLR)-I

Reference store for subscribers parameters, numbers, authentication & Encryption values.
Current subscriber status and associated VLR. Both VLR and HLR can be implemented in the same equipment in an MSC. one PLMN may contain one or several HLR.
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GSM Home Location Register(HLR)-II

Permanent data in HLR
Data stored is changed only by man-machine. IMSI, MS-ISDN number. Category of MS ( whether pay phone or not ) Roaming restriction ( allowed or not ).

Supplementary services like call forwarding

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GSM Home Location Register(HLR)-II

Temporary data in HLR

The data changes from call to call & is dynamic MSRN RAND /SRES and Kc VLR address, MSC address.

Messages waiting data used for SMS

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GPRS

General Packet Radio System

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Network Evolution
BTS
P C U

SMS-G/IW MSC
MSC/VLR
Gs G d

MS

BSC

HLR
Gr

AUC

MS

EDGE TRU UMTS R BTS N C BTS R N BTS C

G b
Iu

ISP Network

SGSN
G n

GGSN
G n

Gi

MS

U T R A N

Backbone Network

Corporate Network

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Network Evolution
BTS
P C U

SMS-G/IW MSC
MSC/VLR
Gs G d

MS

BSC

HLR
Gr

AUC

MS

EDGE TRU

G b

ISP Network

SGSN
G n

GGSN
G n

Gi

Backbone Network

Corporate Network

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Network Evolution
BTS
P C U

SMS-G/IW MSC
MSC/VLR
Gs G d

MS

BSC

HLR
Gr

AUC

MS

EDGE TRU UMTS R BTS N C BTS R N BTS C

G b
Iu

ISP Network

SGSN
G n

GGSN
G n

Gi

MS

U T R A N

Backbone Network

Corporate Network

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GPRS Architecture
BTS GMSC MSC/VLR
A Gs Gb Gf
ISDN / PSTN / PLMN Network

MT

Um

Abis

EIR AUC HLR

IP-Backbone Network

BSC
TE

MS

SGSN
Gr
Gn

BSS
A Abis AUC BSC BSS BTS EIR GGSN GMSC Gx HLR MS MSC MT SGSN TE Um VLR GSM Interface GSM Interface (Proprietary of M/s Ericsson) Authentication Center Base Station Center Base Station System Base Transceiver Station Equipment Identity Register Gateway GPRS Support Node Gateway Mobile services Switching Center GPRS Interfaces Home Location Register Mobile Station Mobile services Switching Center Mobile Terminal Serving GPRS Support Node Terminal Equipment Air Interface Visitor Location Register GSM Network Elements

Gn Gi
External IP Network

GGSN
Gi

External X.25 Network

GPRS Network Elements

Traffic & Signaling

Signaling

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GPRS COMPONENTS
To ensure the interworking of the PLMN, PDN and the wireless networks, two new major components are required. These components are called GPRS Support Nodes. There are two types of GPRS Support Nodes
1. Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) 2. Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)

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Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)

An SGSN delivers packets to mobile stations within its service area. SGSNs send queries to Home Location Registers (HLRs) to obtain profile data of GPRS subscribers. SGSNs detect new GPRS mobile stations in a given service area; and, finally, SGSNs process registration of new mobile subscribers and keep a record of their location inside a given service area.

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Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)

GGSNs are used as interfaces to external PDNs. GGSNs maintain routing information that is necessary to tunnel the Protocol Data Units (PDUs) to the SGSNs that service particular mobile stations. Other functions include network and subscriber screening and address mapping. One or more GGSNs may support multiple SGSNs.

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GPRS Network Enhancements

In addition to the new GPRS components, existing GSM and TDMA network elements must also be enhanced in order to support GPRS. The following two pieces of equipment must be enhanced:
Base Station System (BSS): must be enhanced to recognize and send user data to the SGSN that is serving the area. Home Location Register (HLR): must be enhanced to register GPRS user profiles and respond to queries originating from SGSNs regarding these profiles.

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Advantages of GPRS

Increased revenues by moving in to the mobile data market Gain new subscribers requiring the data services without investing in to PCs to gain internet access Retain current subscribers by offering new services Reduce costs due to efficient use of network resources

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Orientation Training Workshop

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3G Introduction
3G Services Expected customer

3G queries
Summary

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3G was launched in a
big way in 2002-03

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But subscribers rejected

3G initially

(There was Less than 2 % penetration in first 2 years)

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3G Commercial Networks 3G Network Launch Commitments There are more than 185 commercial networks in more than 80 countries

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BSNL has launched 3G services in selected cities and has a clear 6 month to 1 year lead over the nearest rival.
BSNL needs to ensure that the 3G launch is a success.

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[ What does 3G bring to the table..?]

Increased Capacity

Increased voice capacity.

End user services Increased data

speeds. Enhanced experience on existing services

Revenue potential New exciting services

Increased ARPU from subscribers. New revenue streams.

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High quality voice

Mobile Broadband

Enhanced Content services Music/ tones/pictures

Video services Video Call/streaming videos/ Video clips Business solutions EMail/enterprise services

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Mobile TV allows the user to view TV channels on the mobile

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The content services include the following:

Full movie /music download Live news & sport updates

Interactive games
Video streaming Wallpapers and Tone downloads

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Users can download full track music and videos on their mobile any time , any where

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This has happened:

This is happening now:

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Mobile Broadband signifies

High speed Wireless access

Access devices like a portable laptop or a mobile handset are typically used. 3G gives the user the flexibility to access high speed internet any time anywhere.

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Video Call
With the deployment of 3G,Video call service will put BSNL on clear cut advantageous position with respect to its competitors

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Video Call

A girl in a city looking and talking to her grandmother ,living in a rural area, through 3G Phone

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Video Mail
In addition to voice mail available on 2G platform, with 3G we can deploy video mail service also

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Video Conferencing

With 3G Technology we can have video conferencing facility through our mobile phones

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ring tone

music

sport

game

news

chat

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Teens
Demographic Profile

Attitude to Technology

Age 5-15 years Still in School Belonging to High income group Target Services Instant Messaging Video calls Music Downloads MMS

Like cutting edge technology Use mobile phone as a personal statement

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Youth
Demographic Profile

Age15-24 years Mix of college- going and working Belonging to medium to High income group
Attitude to Technology

Like new technology Heavy user of telecom services for socializing Emphasis on design brand

Target Services Interactive Game Video calls Music Downloads See Me TV, Mobile TV Mobile Blogging

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Professional
Demographic Profile

Age25-54 years Graduate & Post Graduate Salaried & self employed Target Services people Attitude to Technology Mobile Banking / Mobile Trading with medium to higher salary Video calls / Video surveillance Needed for productivity Video on Demand / Mobile TV improvement Location based services/ Fashion and status High Speed internet improvement Emphasis on design brand and

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Adult
Demographic Profile
Age25-54 years Graduate & Post Graduate Blue collared workers Low to medium salary

Target Services
Attitude to Technology
Email Bill Payment Location based services

Slow to adoption to new technology

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Seniors
Demographic Profile
Age 54 years and above Retired and home makers Low to medium salary

Target Services
Attitude to Technology
Email Bill Payment music download Video call

Often scared to new technology Feels stressed out and less in control while using the technology

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Mobile TV
Getting the right (most attractive) content providers (TV Channels) is vital. Easy service enablement for customers.

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Mobile Sports Clips

Early-to-market with mobile video, rapid download. Content that appeals to many and that are willing to pay. Content that is updated regularly and has current value.

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3G services are inherently complex in nature. So subscribers are bound to have lot of queries on 3G services. Role of customer care is crucial for the success of 3G services

Service adoption will ultimately be driven by the level of preparedness and drive of the customer interacting team

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What is 3G how is it different from Existing mobile Services?

Why do I need to get it?

I already have 2 phone numbers. I dont want another one.

What is video call and how different is it from a call that I make today?

How do I use my 3G connection in areas with no 3G coverage?

How will 3G make life simpler for me?

Which phones are compatible with 3G?

What's the difference between video downloads & video streaming?

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What is 3G? How is it different from existing mobile services?

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3G is third-generation technology in the context of mobile phone standards. 3G will deliver power to customers with services like
High quality mobile voice telephony include video calling, Mobile high speed internet, Other innovative data rich services like full movie / music downloads, interactive video games, powerful location based services, m-commerce, sending and receiving high quality pictures and video files

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Existing 2G GSM service of present operators has limitations in terms of speed of data access. As a result their network is not suitable for applications which require high speed data access like video calling and video downloads

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Why should I use 3G services? What are the benefits of using 3G?

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It is a latest technology offered by BSNL. It offers High quality voice, Mobile, Broadband, Business solutions EMail/enterprise services , Picture and video upload services Video services Video Call / streaming videos/Video clips & Enhanced Content services Music/tones/pictures

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What are 3G Services?

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High quality voice

Mobile Broadband

Enhanced Content services Music/ tones/pictures

Video services Video Call/streaming videos/Video clips

Business solutions E-Mail/enterprise services

Picture and video

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What is video calling ? How different it is from the call I make today ?

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A video call will enable you to see the other person on your 3G phone screen while talking to him and vice versa . The key requirement here is that both the calling and called party need to have a video call enabled 3G handset and should have subscribed to 3G services

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Which phones are compatible with 3G? What are the other 3G products which are available in the market ?

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What kind of Customers are more likely to use 3G ?

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3G enabled phones will cost upwards of INR 7,500* The price levels of 3G devices imply that 3G services will be mostly used by high ARPU / high end customers retail customers and also corporate customers

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BSNL have launched its services all over India. BSNL has made 3G services commercially available

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So finally India becomes a true 3G country today.BSNL has chalked out its plans where it will make the 3G network available across 700 cities in India.

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