TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Instructor: Associate Professor Dr. Wannee Deoisres Student: Nguyen Thi Mai Huong ID: 55910286

Objectives After this class participant will be able to: 1. Define the definition the type 2 diabetes disease 2. Understand the cause of type 2 diabetes 3. Identify the symptoms, and complications of type 2 diabetes 4. Understand type 2 diabetes management

DEFINITION
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by variable degrees of insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, increased glucose production, and abnormal fat metabolism
(Jameson, 2010)

NORMAL BLOOD GLUCOSE INDEX

Blood sample drawn from a vein (a whole-blood sample): Before meals (fasting): 80 mg/dL to 120 mg/dL

Blood sample drawn from a fingertip (plasma blood sample) Before meals (fasting): 90 mg/dL to 130 mg/dL
(American Diabetes Association, 2013) 1 mg/dL = 0.0555 mmol/L

THE RELATED CAUSES

+ The metabolic syndrome + Overweight + Over 40 years of age + Closely related to people with diabetes + Women who had gestational diabetes or who had large babies in previous pregnancies. (Dunning, 2009)

THE CAUSES OF TYPE 2 DIABETES

Insulin, a hormone that regulates the bodys use of glucose (blood sugar), is released by the cells of the pancreas which are called the islets of Langerhans. The causes of type 2 diabetes related to the metabolism in the cell http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRVaryEQOVk

THE CAUSES OF TYPE 2 DIABETES

The causes of type 2 diabetes include: Mutation of the gene synthesizes IRS protein Mutation of the insulin receptor ENPP-1 Mutation of the glucose receptor GLUT-4 Excess fat

THE CAUSES OF TYPE 2 DIABETES

Mutation of the gene synthesizes IRS protein IRS Protein can not phosphorylate insulin glucose to accumulate in the extracellular space increases glucose levels in the blood

IRS protein: Insulin receptor substrate protein

THE CAUSES OF TYPE 2 DIABETES

Mutation of the insulin receptor ENPP-1 ENNP-1 cannot let insulin through glucose and insulin to accumulate in the extracellular space increases glucose and insulin levels in the blood

ENNP-1: Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 protein

THE CAUSES OF TYPE 2 DIABETES

Mutation of the glucose receptor GLUT- 4 GLUT4 can not transport glucose into the cell glucose to accumulate in the extracellular space increases glucose levels in the blood

GLUT-4 : Glucose transporter type 4 protein

THE CAUSES OF TYPE 2 DIABETES

Excess fat CRPN-10 cannot enough for break down fat fat to accumulates in the extracellular space obstructing the channels of ENPP-1 and GLUT-4 this causes an accumulation of fat, glucose and insulin in the extracellular spaceincrease glucose, insulin and fat in the blood.

CRPN-10: Calpain-10 protein

THE SYMPTOMS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES

+ Main symptoms: Increase thirsty feeling Increase hunger feeling Frequent urination + Complications symptoms

COMPLICATIONS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES

Acute complication Hypoglycemia: < 3.0 mmol/L (<54 mg/dL) Hyperglycemia: > 10 mmol/L (>180 mg/dL) Infections Fat atrophy/ hypertrophy and insulin allergy

Hypoglycemia: < 3.0mmol/L (<54 mg/dL)

Hyperglycemia: > 10 mmol/L (>180 mg/dL)

ACUTE COMPLICATION
Infections: dental disease, candidiasis and urinary tract infections Fat atrophy/ hypertrophy and insulin allergy

COMPLICATIONS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES

Long-term complications Macrovascular disease or disease of the major blood vessels Microvascular disease or disease of the small vessels Neuropathy Complications of pregnancy

CONTROL BLOOD GLUCOSE

Regular: Monitoring blood glucose and should recorder every day Medicine Diet Exercise Meet doctor

Monitoring blood glucose and should recorder every day

Medicine

Diet

SHOUT
NOT EAT

SHOULD EAT LITTLE SWEET FRUIT

ect

Limited

Exercise

Meet doctor

PREVENT COMPLICATIONS
Acute complication can induce coma Test the blood glucose at that time when occur signs or symptoms of estimate hypo- or hyperglycemia. Prevent hypoglycemia Prevent hyperglycemia

PREVENT HYPOGLYCAEMIA

PREVENT HYPERGLYCEMIA

Long-term complications Attention signs or symptoms of the body and come to meet doctor.

AVOID RISK FACTORS

Avoid smoking, drink beer, wine