E-GOVERNANCE

SUBMITTED TO
Md. Samsuzzaman
Lecturer
Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering

SUBMITTED BY
Abu Zafour
Roll No. 021; Reg. No. 00680
Level-IV, Semester-I
Faculty of Business Administration and Management

Date of Submission: May 27, 2009

PATUAKHALI SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
 WHAT IS E-GOVERNANCE

It is the use of a range of

modern information and
communication technologies
such as internet, local area
networks, mobiles etc by
Governments to improve
effectiveness, efficiency, service
delivery and to promote
democracy.
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 WHAT IS E-GOVERNANCE
E-governance is defined as the
application of electronic means in—
 The interaction between government and
citizens and government and businesses,
as well as in internal government
operations to simplify and improve
democratic, government and business
 The term
aspects interaction stands for the
of Governance.
delivery of government products and
services, exchange of information,
communication, transactions and system
integration.
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 E-Democracy and E-Government
E-Democracy
It refers to the processes and structures that
encompass all forms of electronic
interaction between the Government
(elected) and the citizen (electorate).
E-Government
It is a form of e-business in governance and
refers to the processes and structures
needed to deliver electronic services to the
public (citizens and businesses), collaborate
with business partners and to conduct
electronic transactions within an
organisational entity.
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 Objectives of E-Governance
The strategic objective of e-governance is to support
and simplify governance for all parties - government,
citizens and businesses.
E-governance uses electronic means to support and
stimulate good governance.
Therefore the objectives of e-governance are similar to
the objectives of good governance. Good governance
can be seen as an exercise of economic, political, and
administrative authority to better manage affairs of a
country at all levels, national and local.

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 Objectives of E-Governance
The use of ICTs can connect all three parties
and support processes and activities. It
provides a common framework and direction in
the implementation of Government Policies for
the following:
Across the public sector organizations and
institutions (G2G)
Between Government and the Business
Community (G2B)
Between Government and Citizens (G2C)
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 Overall Goal of E-Governance
 To make the Government more result
oriented, efficient and citizen centered
 E-Governance enables citizens and outside
world to access Government Services and
Information as efficiently as possible through
the use of internet and other channels like
mobile phones.
Example Madagascar Embassy in Washington
D.C.!
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 Main Components of E-Governance

Government to Government Communication

(G2G)

Government to Business Communication

(G2B)

Government to Citizens Communication

(G2C)

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 Basic Requirements for E-Governance
Components
 High and affordable Information and Internet
infrastructure within Government Ministries,
private sector and citizens
 Extensive ICT Human Capacity
development in Government, Private
sectors and citizens
 Legal Framework that recognizes and
supports digital communication

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 E-Governance Model

G2G
Central
Government
Business

Citizen G2 G2G G2 NGOs

C B
Civil Society

Local
G2G
Government

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 E-Governance Maturity Model
Early 90’s Information  Presence

Mid 90’s Interaction  Intake process

Present Transaction  Complete transaction

Future Transformation  Integration and

organizational
changes

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 Success Factors of E-Governance
In developing countries a lot of inhibitors exist. It
is difficult to tell what is the main block, because
a lot of basic aspects of Good Governance are
not in place yet.

What the risk of implementing e-governance

solutions can be in a certain phase and in the
context of possible success (and fail) factors that
are mentioned below.

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 Success Factors of E-Governance
E-Governance
phase

 High risk


Comfort
zone

Conservative


Context
Inhibiting Favouring

Figure: Assessing risks e-governance

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 Success Factors of E-Governance
The following aspects have to be taken into account when
examining the risk of implementing e-governance solutions
Political stability (elections, democracy)
Level of trust in Government (perception of service
levels)
The importance of Government identity (fragmentation
or integration)
Economic structure (education, agriculture, industry or
service)
Government structure (centralised or decentralised)
Different levels of maturity
Constituent demand (push or pull)
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 E-Governance in Bangladesh
Honorable Prime Minister herself has put great
emphasis on identifying challenges in the
implementation of nation-wide E-Governance and on
initiating pilot projects in various sectors of the
government through a project called the Support to ITC
Task Force (SICT).
Ministry of Finance has customized software for budget
planning, sensitivity analysis, impact analysis, financial
projections and various reports.

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 E-Governance in Bangladesh
National Board of Revenue is computerizing the revenue
budget procedure.
Both Dhaka and Chittagong Stock Exchange are highly
computerized and networked, allowing citizens to trade
with much more ease than before.
Ministry of Science and ICT creating web-sites containing
information about various ministries.
Ministry of Communication provides online searchable
database of contractor’s tenders and created a Project
Monitoring System for tracking progress of the projects.

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 Challenges of E-Governance
 Limited time to plan
 Lengthy process for Legal Framework to support
E-Governance
 Insufficient telecom infrastructure to support E-
Governance
 Unaffordable Internet services for private sector
& citizens
 Limited ICT human capacity to support E-
Governance

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 Challenges of E-Governance
FUNDING IS A MAIN CHALLENGE:

E-Governance is very capital intensive and no

donor or consortium of donors can fully fund E-
Governance Program
 Private sector is a major beneficiary of E-
Governance through increased access
procurements and e-services. Can play a major
funding role to subsidize E-Governance products

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 Suggested Approaches

PLANNING
Whenever possible, plan for all three
components of e-governance, with as much
detail as possible, including cost and ICT human
capacity development projections

Do not forget to plan for change management

across the board!

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 Suggested Approaches

Build consensus with as many players as

possible and get champions in all sectors,
especially the private sector. They have the funds
and influence to support E-Governance

Pay close attention to Office of the President,

Ministries of Telecom, Interior, Education,
Justice, Regulator and private sector for holistic
approach

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 Status of Other Countries
No country in the world has achieved e-governance,
not even the U.S.!
Every country is unique and needs to move within its
unique environment
Most countries agree E-Governance is a continuous
process that requires continuous planning before
visible results

E-Governance stimulates E-COMMERCE

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Just in Time
THANKS
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