Embedded Systems

UNIT 1

Introduction &Architecture of 8051 Microcontroller

Review of architecture and instruction set of 8085 microprocessor. Overview of 8051 architecture. CISC & RISC processors.

What is Microprocessor?
single chip works with hex decimal codes consists of arithmetic logic unit, working registers, special registers, timing control block, and address and data bus digital process device

Architecture 8085

Microprocessor

Pin Details of 8085

MP Based System

Instructions Set of 8085

Data transfer instructions Arithmetic instructions Branching instructions Logical instructions and Control instructions

Addressing Modes 8085

Direct Addressing Mode Register Addressing Mode Register Indirect Addressing Mode Immediate Addressing Mode Implicit Addressing Mode

 LDA 2500 H Load the contents of memory

location 2500 H in accumulator.

MOV Rd, Rs ;M, Rs; Rd, M

This instruction copies the contents of the source register into the destination register; the contents of the source register are not altered. If one of the operands is a memory location, its location is specified by the contents of the HL registers. Example: MOV B, C or MOV B, M

 MVI Rd, data; M, data

The 8-bit data is stored in the destination register or memory. If the operand is a memory location, its location is specified by the contents of the HL registers.

Example: MVI B, 57H or MVI M, 57H

8 BIT C or P
One can define an 8 bit microcontroller or processor in much sense, as a device which has most of its registers 8bit wide, ALU size and most of its instructions use operands which are 8 bit wide. It cant define based on data lines 8 bit microcontrollers are use to dominate 16 bit microcontrollers because many designers are familiar with 8 bit microcontrollers and we can always perform 16 bit controllers, by writing suitable programs

Microcontroller

CISC & RISC processors

CISC-Complex Instruction Set Computers RISC-Reduced Instruction Set Computers CISC: They have large number of instructions and it gives flexibility to shorter programs. RISC: They have small number of instructions and more simple.

HARVARD AND VON NEUMANN ARCHITECTURES

CPU

CPU

DATA MEM

PROG MEM

MEMEORY

HARVARD

VON NEUMANN

HARVARD
It uses separate memories for program and data and no need of time division multiplexing of address and data buses. It also allows a different internal organization such that instruction can be pre-fetched and decoded while multiple data are being fetched and operated on. It leads for fast execution of the instruction Ex-MCS-51,PIC by Microchip

Von Neumann
It allows storing or modifying the programs easily. However, the code storage may not be optimal and requires multiple fetches to form the instruction. Program and data fetches are done using time division multiplexing which affect the performance. Ex-Motorola 68HC11

Commercial Microcontrollers
Intel MCS-51,Atmel 89CXX/89CXX51, PIC by Microchip etc.. MCS-51 is operating at the frequency of 12MHZ and it is replacement of MCS-48 Design types are High speed Metal Oxide Semiconductor (HMOS) and Complementary High speed Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CHMOS).

 The later one is represented by C in the part number. Ex- 80C51 CHOMS has lower power consumption, higher noise immunity and high speed. The difference between the HOMAS & CHOMS is that the CHOMS devices have additional features like power down and idle modes,etc ROM is suitable for mass production EPROM is suitable for lesser production and security

Device 8031

Data Mem 128

Prog Mem NIL

MCS-51 16bit Vetor

timer/c 2 3
2 3 2 3

Intrpts 5 6
5 6 5 6

Serial I/O 1

8032
8051 8052 8751 8752

256
128 256 128 256

NIL
4K 8K 4K
EPROM

1
1 1 1 1

8K
EPROM

Atmel
20 pins devices are also available Reprogrammable flash devices are available These devices support fully static operation from 0 to 24 MHZ At low frequency operations, the speed is reduced. Power down & idle modes are available Low voltage operation:2.7-6V

Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier

A plastic leaded chip carrier (PLCC) is a plastic, four-sided chip carrier, with a "J"-lead is a less expensive version Applications range from consumer products through automotive and aerospace

Plastic Dual In Package

rectangular housing and two parallel rows of electrical connecting pins The PDIP is robust and resistant to moisture

Thin Quad Flat Pack

Thin Quad Flat Pack (TQFP) packages provide a spaceefficient packaging solution, resulting in smaller printed circuit board space requirements. Their reduced height and body dimensions are ideal for space-conscious applications

89c2051

Device

Data mem

Prog mem

16 bit tim/con

Dig I/O

Ser I/O

No.of Pins

Anag comptr

AT89C 51
AT89C 52 AT89C 55WD AT89C 1051

128
256 256 64

4K
8K 20K 1K

2
3 3 2

32
32 32 15

1
1 1 1

40
40 40 20

NIL
NIL NIL 1

AT89C 2051
AT89C 4051

128
128

2K
4K 8K

2
2 3

15
15 32

1
1 1

20
20 40

1
1 NIL

AT89LV 256 52

Important Questions
What is microcontroller? List out differences between microcontrollers & microprocessors Describe different type of architectures of processors Why should you prepare microcontrollers instead of microprocessor for small applications?

IQ
How do you identify a processor weather it is belongs to 8 bit or 16 bit? Give examples Tabulate commercial microcontrollers according to their specifications What is differences between 89c51 and 89c2051