Today We Are Learning

How To Multiply

SK KHIR JOHARI
SABAK BERNAM
 Understanding Multiplication

 When the same numbers are added

over and over again, a simpler way
of reaching the same result is to use
multiplication.
 Understanding
Multiplication
 Example: If you know there are 5
pennies in every nickel and you have 7
nickels, how would you figure out how
many pennies are in 7 nickels?
You could add 5, seven
times:
5+5+5+5+5+5+5= 35
or
You could simply multiply
5 X 7 = 35
 Understanding
Multiplication
 Read the multiplication word problem
below.

Each house has four people living in it. How many

people live in the houses?
3 × 4 = 12 people

4 + 4 + 4=
12
 Understanding
Multiplication
 There are 7 rocks in each box. That is
a total of how many rocks?

7 + 7 + 7 + 7 = 28

4X7 = 28
 Understanding
Multiplication
 The easiest way to find the total
number of items in equal groups is to
use multiplication.
 Multiplication allows you to do
repeated addition quickly and
efficiently.
 Multiplication Using
Grouping
 Another way to look at it would be
equal grouping. We are going to use
3X4 as our example.
Example: 3X4=12
Lets interpret 3X4 as 3 groups of 4.
 Multiplication Using
Grouping
Lets find 3X4 by counting the dots one by
one.

4 +4 +4 = 12
You see 3 groups of 4.
Therefore 3X4 = 4 + 4 + 4
Multiplication can be solved by repeated

addition.
 Multiplication Using Skip
Counting
 We could also skip count by 4.

4 8 12
 Multiplication Using Arrays
 Letsuse another approach to
understanding multiplication. We will
now use an array. You are going to be
able to represent 3X4 not as 3
separate groups, but as 3 rows of 4
objects as shown below.
 Multiplication Using Arrays
 Can you see 3 groups of 4 in the
array. Each row represents 3 groups
of 4.

Now can you see 4 groups of 3. Each

column represents 4 groups of 3.
Multiplication Using Arrays and
Skip Counting
 Letsuse the array below to use the
strategy of skip counting. The array
below shows 4X8 drawn as an array
of 4 rows of 8 dots.

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
 Understanding
Multiplication
 Now that we have reviewed several
ways for understanding
multiplication lets review the
multiplication table on the next slide.
 Multiplication Table
 Lookat the multiplication table
below.
 Multiplication Table
 Use the multiplication table to find
the product of 3 and 9, locate 3 in
the first column and then find 9 in
the top row.
 Follow the 3 row to where it meets
the 9 column.
 The number in the square where the
column and row meet is the product
 Multiplication Table
See the shaded area in the table
below.
3X9=27
 Understanding
Multiplication
 When multiplying numbers it is
important you know the following
terms:

1. Factors
2. Products

Factors – are the numbers being

multiplied.
Products – are the result of multiplication
(simply put the answer).
 Understanding
Multiplication
 There are three different ways you
can write a multiplication sign:
1. You can use the multiplication
(times) sign:
2X4=8
2. A dot between the numbers:
2∙4=8
3. Parentheses:
(2) (4) = 8
 Understanding
Multiplication
 Multiplication can also be shown:

Horizontally → 9 X 6 = 54
or
Vertically
↓
9
X 6
54
When it is shown vertically, the bar under
the second factor represents the equal sign.
 Understanding
Multiplication
The zero multiplication facts:
Any number times zero is always zero.

Multiplication is repeated addition so:

0X3=0 →0+0+0=0

It does not matter which number is first when you write the
problem. The answer is the same. This is called
commutative property of multiplication.

3X0=0 or 0X3=0
( The numbers can be switched around and the answer is still
the same. This is true for all multiplication problems.)
 Understanding
Multiplication
The 1’s multiplication facts:
Any number times 1 is always
itself.
Multiplication is repeated addition
so:
1X4 =4 → 1+1+1+1=4

Because of the commutative

property of
multiplication:
 Understanding
Multiplication
The 2’s multiplication facts:
Any number times 2 is that number
doubled.
Multiplication is repeated addition
so:
2X4=8 → 4+4=8

Because of the commutative

property of multiplication:
2X4=8 or 4 X 2 = 8
 Understanding
Multiplication
 This concludes Part 1 on learning how
to multiply.
Multiplication

THE
END