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DEFINITION
Standard Precautions Previously known by various names including universal precautions Standard precautions are designed to reduce the risk of transmission of bloodborne and other pathogens from both recognized and unrecognized sources to a susceptible host. They are the basic level of infection control precaution Hospital Infection is the result of a combination of factors: Microbial source + Transmission + Susceptible host = Infection
1987
1996
2007
Standard precautions
Transmission-based precautions
Universal precautions
Body substance isolation
Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-care Settings. MMWR 2002; vol. 51, no. RR-16.
This I do believe ! The single most important thing that you can do to stop the spread of any germs is to wash your hands
PPE
PPE Working Condition
gloves
should be used when touching blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, or contaminated items and for touching mucous membranes and nonintact skin.
should be used during procedures and patient care activities when contact of clothing and/or exposed skin with blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions is anticipated. Aprons are sometimes used as PPE over scrubs, such as in hemodialysis centers when inserting a needle into a fistula.
gowns
should be used during patient care activities that are likely to generate splashes and sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions.
Transmission-Based Precautions
Used in addition to Standard Precautions for Specified Patients Designed for the Care of Specified Patients
Droplet Transmission
For infectious agents with droplet nuclei > 5 microns Examples:
Pertussis Meningococcal meningitis
Precaution Examples:
Private room Mask if within 3 of patient
Droplet Precautions
Prevent infection by large droplets from
Sneezing Coughing Talking
Examples
Neisseria meningitidis Pertussis Influenza
Airborne Transmission
For infectious agents with droplet nuclei < 5 microns Examples: Tuberculosis Measles Precaution Examples Isolation rooms under negative pressure N95 or HEPA respirator use
Linens
Handle, transport, and process used linen in a manner which: Prevents skin and mucous membrane exposures and contamination of clothing. Avoids transfer of pathogens to other patients and or the environment.
Waste disposal
Ensure safe waste management. Treat waste contaminated with blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions as clinical waste, in accordance with local regulations. Human tissues and laboratory waste that is directly associated with specimen processing should also be treated as clinical waste. Discard single use items properly.
Contact Precautions
For protection against skin-to-skin contact and physical transfer of microorganisms to a host from a source Precaution Examples: Private room Handwashing Glove changes Examples Scabies VRE