f2 Chapter 1

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Chapter 1 : The World through Our Senses

1.1 Sensory Organs Five sensory organs The pathway from stimulus to response 1.2 Sense of Touch The skin Sensitivity of the skin 1.3 Sense of Smell Nose 1.4 Sense of Taste Tongue
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Chapter 1 : The World through Our Senses

1.5 Sense of Hearing The ear The function of the different parts of the ear 1.6 Sense of Sight The eye The functions of different parts of the eye 1.7 Light and Sight Light travels in a straight line Reflection of light Refraction of light Defects of vision
Chapter 1 : The World Through Our Senses
Limitation of sight Stereoscopic vision Monocular vision Devices to overcome the limitations of sight 1.8 Sound and Hearing Properties of sound Defects of hearing Limitation of hearing Stereophonic hearing 1.9 Stimuli and Responses in Plants Tropisms Nastic movement
1.1 Sensory Organs

Sense of sight Sense of smell
Five sensory organs Sense of touch Sense of taste Sense of hearing

1.1 Sensory Organs

Sense of sight Eyes detects light Enable humans to see things
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1.1 Sensory Organs
Sense of smell Nose detects smell Smells are chemicals in the air
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1.1 Sensory Organs

Sense of taste Tongue detects taste Enable human to know taste of foods
1.1 Sensory Organs

Sense of hearing Ears detect sound Enable human to hear the beauty of sound
1.1 Sensory Organs

Sense of touch Skin detects touch, temperature, pain and pressure
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1.1 Sensory Organs

The pathway from stimulus to response
Impulses
Receptors
Stimulus
Nerves
Brain
Impulses
Response
Impulses
Effectors
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Nerves
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Impulses
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1.1 Sensory Organs

Receptors in sensory organs very sensitive to stimuli Receptors produce electrical messages, called nerve impulses when being stimulated The impulses are sent to the brain through nerves Brain interprets the impulses received and decides what to do The brain send out impulses to effectors Effectors such as muscles and glands carry out responses BM Version Previous Forward Menu Exit
1.2 Sense of Touch

The skin
Pore
Hair Epidermis
2
1 2
3
4 5
Dermis
Fatty layer
3
4
5
Sebaceous gland Sweat gland
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Touch receptors Pain receptors Heat receptors Cold receptors Pressure receptors
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1.2 Sense of Touch

The skin is the bodys largest organ Has nerves that can respond to touch, temperature and pressure Functions : * Prevent the microorganisms from entering * Excrete excess water and mineral salts * Maintain body temperature
1.2 Sense of Touch

Sensitivity of the skin
Sensitivity of the skin depends on * Numbers of receptors on the skin surface * How deep the receptors on the skin surface
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1.3 Sense of Smell

Nose
Sensory cell
Nasal cavity Nerve from the brain
Nostril
Lip muscle Tongue
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The uppermost portion of the human respiratory sistem The nose is a hollow passage that functions during breathing and in the sense of smell
Teeth
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1.4 Sense of Taste

Tongue
Root of tongue
Tongue is covered with taste buds
Bitter Sour Salty Sweet

1.5 Sense of Hearing

The ear
Oval window
Ossicles
Semicircular canals Auditory nerve Cochlea
Pinna
Ear canal
Eardrum
Eustachian tube
Outer ear
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Middle ear Inner ear

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The function of the different parts of the ear
Parts Pinna Ear canal Eardrum

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Function Collect sound waves Directs the sound waves to the eardrum Vibrates and transmits the sound waves to the ossicles

Function Amplify the vibrations of sound Ossicles waves and transmits the vibrations to the oval window Transfers the vibration of sound Oval window waves from ossicles to the cochlea Eustachian Equalises the air pressure on tube both sides of the eardrums Changes the vibrations of sound Cochlea waves into nerve impulses
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Parts

Function Transmits the nerve impulses Auditory from the cochlea to the brain. The nerve brain will interpret the impulses as Balances the body by detecting sound Semicircular the position and movement of canals head Parts
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1.6 Sense of Sight

The eye
Lens
Ciliary body Cornea Iris Pupil Retina Sclera
Vitreous humour
Aqueous humour
Suspensory ligament
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Optic nerve Blind spot

1.6 Sense of Sight

The function of the different parts of the eye
Parts Ciliary body Lens
Function Change the thickness of the lens when focusing Helps focus an image. It is held in place by the suspensory ligaments and ciliary muscles
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1.6 Sense of Sight

Parts Sclera Vitreous humour Retina Optic nerve
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Function The protective, white outer layer of the eye A jelly that fills the back of the eye Contains light sensitive cells. The retina sends nerve impulses to the brain Receives nerve impulses from the retina and sends them to the brain
1.6 Sense of Sight

Function A spot where the optic nerve leaves Blind spot the eyeball Suspenso ry Hold the lens in its position ligaments Aqueous A watery liquid that fills the front eye humour A hole that allows light through (in Pupil front of the lens)
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Parts
1.6 Sense of Sight

Parts Function A transparent window in front of the eye Controls how much light enters the eye and alters the shape of the pupil
Cornea
Iris
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1.7 Light and Sight

Light travels in a straight line
The candle flame only can be seen through the holes if the three cardboards (holes) are lined up Shadows are formed when light travels in straight line is blocked by opaque objects BM Version Previous Forward Menu Exit
1.7 Light and Sight

Reflection of light
Light bounces off the surface of an object When parallel beams of light strikes a smooth surface it is reflected as parallel beam When parallel beams of light strikes a rough surface it is scattered or reflected in different directions Smooth and shiny surfaces are good reflectors Reflected light that travels to our eyes enable us to see things Continue BM Version Previous Forward Menu Exit
1.7 Light and Sight

Reflection from smooth surface forms regular reflection
Parallel light rays
Parallel reflected rays
Reflection from rough surface forms diffused reflection
Smooth surface
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Rough surface
1.7 Light and Sight

Refraction of light
Change in direction or bending of light occurs when it travels from one transparent medium to another because of the difference in the speed of light in the two different media of different densities Gives false impression of the depth and position of objects Light rays travel faster in air than in water If light decreases its speed when passing from one medium into another, it will bend towards the normal and vice versa Light entering our eyes is refracted by the cornea
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1.7 Light and Sight

Normal Incident ray Angle of refraction
Angle of incidence
Air Glass Eye
Light bends as it passes from water to air
Sun Light from the Sun
Refracted ray light bends towards the normal
Light from fish Normal Light bends away from the normal Actual position of fish Perceived image of fish (light appears to come from here)
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1.7 Light and Sight

Shortsightedness
Longsightedness
Defects of vision Colourblindness

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Astigmatism
1.7 Light and Sight

Short-sightedness Sees distant object unclearly Because the lens too thick or eyeball too long Corrected by using a concave lens
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Distant object
Sharp image is formed in front of the retina
Sharp image is formed on the retina Concave lens
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1.7 Light and Sight

Long-sightedness Sees near object unclearly Near object Because the lens too thin or eyeball too short Corrected by using a convex lens
Sharp image is formed behind the retina
Sharp image is formed on the retina
Convex lens
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1.7 Light and Sight

Astigmatism Caused by the irregular surface of the cornea Symptoms include blurred vision, double vision in one eyes, eyestrain and headaches
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Testing astigmatism
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1.7 Light and Sight

Colour-blindness Inability to distinguish colours between red and green and between blue and yellow Caused by defect in the retina
1.7 Light and Sight

Limitations of sight
Optical illusions
The blind spot
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1.7 Light and Sight

Optical illusions A mistake in the perception of a sensory experience The brain unable to interpret the image formed in the eye accurately
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1.7 Light and Sight

The blind spot Small area in the eyes where images fall on this area X cannot be seen There are no photoreceptors on it
Blind spot
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1.7 Light and Sight

Stereoscopic vision
Visual field of right eye Visual field of left eye
Seeing objects with both eyes at the front of the head Able to see objects three dimensionally Can judge distance accurately
Overlapping vision
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1.7 Light and Sight

Monocular vision
Seeing objects with eyes at each side of head independently Cannot see objects three dimensionally Cannot judge distance accurately Have wider field of vision
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Visual field Visual field of right of left eye eye
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1.7 Light and Sight

Telescope Microscope
Devices to overcome the limitations of sight
Magnifying glass
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Binoculars
1.8 Sound and Hearing

Sounds travel in straight line Sounds are produced by vibrations
Properties of sound
Sounds can be absorbed or reflected
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Sounds need a medium to travel
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Sounds need a medium to travel Sounds can travel through solids, liquids and gases Sound cannot travel through vacuum
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Sounds can be absorbed or reflected Good sound reflector : Hard and smooth surface Good sound absorber : Soft and rough surface An echo is a reflected sound Ways to reduce echoes * Floor covered with carpets * Wall covered with softboards or curtains BM Version Previous Forward Menu Back Exit * Chairs covered with cushions

Defects of hearing
Type 1 Damages to the outer and middle ear Include wax blockage, a punctured eardrum, birth defects and ear infections Type 2 Damages to the inner ear Caused by bacterial infections, aging, extended exposure to loud sounds and tumour

Limitations of hearing
A normal person can detect sounds between 20 Hz to 20 000 Hz We cannot hear very soft sounds Sounds exceed 20 000 Hz are called ultrasonic Devices to overcome limitations of hearing * Stethoscopes * Loud speaker

Stereophonic hearing
Stereophonic hearing is hearing sounds from our surroundings with two ears Enables human to identify the direction of sound
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1.9 Stimuli and Responses in Plants

Response to light phototropism
Response to gravity geotropism
Tropisms
Response to touch (contact) thigmotropism
Response to water hydrotropism


Response to light phototropism A plants response to light is called phototropism Plants need light to make food during photosynthesis Plants will grow towards the light
Light Light
The results that the shoot bends towards the light
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Response to gravity geotropism A plants response to gravity is called geotropism Even if you plant a seed the wrong way up, the shoot always grows up, away from gravity and the root grows down towards gravity
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Response to water hydrotropism A plants response to water is called hydrotropism Root always grow to a certain extent towards water, even if it means ignoring the pull of gravity and growing sideways
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Response to touch (contact) - thigmotropism A plants response to touch is called thigmotropism A directional growth of a plant part, especially a tendril Example : Cucumber plant twine their cucumber tendrils around supporting structure

Nastic movement
A plants response to stimuli which come from any direction is called nastic movement The responses do not depend on the direction of stimuli
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THE END
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Bab 1 : Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

1.1 Organ Deria Lima organ deria Lintasan daripada rangsangan kepada gerak balas 1.2 Deria Sentuh Kulit Kepekaan kulit 1.3 Deria Bau Hidung 1.4 Deria Rasa Lidah
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1.5 Deria Pendengaran Telinga Fungsi bahagian yang berbeza pada telinga 1.6 Deria Penglihatan Mata Fungsi bahagian yang berbeza pada mata 1.7 Cahaya dan Penglihatan Cahaya merambat dalam garis lurus Pantulan cahaya Pembiasan cahaya Kecacatan penglihatan
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Had penglihatan Penglihatan stereoskopik Penglihatan monokular Alat untuk mengatasi had penglihatan 1.8 Bunyi dan Pendengaran Sifat-sifat bunyi Kecacatan pendengaran Had pendengaran Pendengaran stereofonik 1.9 Ransangan dan Gerak Balas dalam Tumbuhan Tropisme Gerak balas nastik
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1.1 Organ Deria

Deria penglihatan Deria bau
Lima organ deria Deria sentuh Deria pendengaran

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Deria rasa
1.1 Organ Deria

Deria penglihatan Mata mengesan cahaya Membolehkan manusia melihat benda
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1.1 Organ Deria

Deria bau Hidung mengesan bau Bau bahan kimia di udara
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1.1 Organ Deria

Deria rasa Lidah mengesan rasa Membolehkan manusia mengetahui rasa makanan
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1.1 Organ Deria

Deria pendengaran Telinga mengesan bunyi Membolehkan manusia
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1.1 Organ Deria

Deria sentuh Kulit mengesan sentuhan, suhu, kesakitan dan tekanan
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1.1 Organ Deria

Laluan daripada rangsangan kepada gerak balas
Impuls
Reseptor
Rangsangan
Saraf
Impuls Otak
Gerak balas
Impuls Impul
Efektor
Saraf
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1.1 Organ Deria

Reseptor dalam organ deria sangat peka kepada ransangan Reseptor menghasilkan pesanan elektrik dipanggil impuls saraf apabila dirangsang Impuls dihantar ke otak melalui saraf Otak mengtafsir impuls yang diterima dan menentukan apa yang perlu dilakukan Otak menghantar impuls ke efektor Efektor seperti otot dan kelenjar mengeluarkan gerak balas
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1.2 Deria Sentuh

Kulit
Liang Rambut Epidermis Dermis Lapisan lemak Kelenjar peluh
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1
2 3 4 5
2
3 4 5 1
Reseptor sentuh Reseptor sakit Reseptor haba Reseptor sejuk Reseptor tekanan
1.2 Deria Sentuh

Kulit adalah organ badan terbesar Mempunyai saraf yang bergerak balas terhadap sentuhan, suhu dan tekanan Fungsinya: * Mencegah organisma daripada masuk * Merembeskan lebihan air dan garam mineral * Mengekalkan suhu badan
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1.2 Deria Sentuh

Kepekaan kulit Kepekaan kulit bergantung kepada * Bilangan reseptor pada permukaan kulit * Berapa dalam reseptor pada permukaan kulit
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1.3 Deria Bau

Hidung
Sel deria Rongga hidung Lubang hidung Otot bibir Gigi Lidah Saraf daripada Bahagian paling atas otak
sistem pernafasan manusia Hidung adalah rongga laluan yang berfungsi dalam pernafasan dan dalam deria bau
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1.4 Deria Rasa

Lidah
Akar lidah
Lidah diselaputi dengan tunas rasa
Pahit
Masam Masin Manis

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1.5 Deria Pendengaran

Telinga
Cuping telinga Salur telinga Tingkap bujur Osikel
Salur separuh bulat Saraf auditori
Koklea Gegendang telinga Tiub Eustachio Telinga luar Telinga tengah Telinga dalam
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Fungsi bahagian berbeza pada telinga
Bahagian Fungsi Cuping Mengumpul gelombang bunyi telinga Salur telinga Mengarahkan gelombang bunyi ke gegendang telinga Gegendang Bergetar dan menghantar telinga gelombang bunyi ke osikel
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Bahagian Osikel Tingkap bujur Tiub Eustachio Koklea Fungsi Menguatkan getaran gelombang bunyi dan menghantar getaran ke tingkap bujur Memindahkan getaran gelombang bunyi daripada osikel Mengimbangi tekanan udara di ke koklea kedua-dua belah gegendang telinga Mengubah getaran gelombang bunyi ke dalam impuls saraf
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Bahagian Saraf auditori Salur separuh bulat Fungsi Memindahkan impuls saraf daripada koklea ke otak. Otak akan mentafsir impuls sebagai Mengimbangi badan dengan bunyi mengesan kedudukan dan pergerakan kepala
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1.6 Deria Penglihatan

Mata
Sklera Kanta mata Gelemaca
Otot silia
Kornea
Iris Anak mata
Retina
Gelemair
Ligamen jantung
Saraf optik
Bintik buta
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Fungsi bahagian berbeza pada mata
Bahagian
Otot silia
Kanta mata
Fungsi Mengubah ketebalan kanta apabila mengfokus Membantu fokus gambar. Ia ditahan oleh ligamen jantung dan otot silia
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Bahagian Fungsi
Sklera
Melindungi lapisan luar putih mata Jeli yang mengisi ruang di belakang Gelemaca mata Mengandungi sel peka cahaya. Retina Retina menghantar impuls saraf ke otak Saraf Menerima impuls saraf daripada optik retina dan menghantarnya ke otak
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Fungsi Titik di mana saraf optik Bintik buta meninggalkan bebola mata Ligamen Memegang kanta pada jantung kedudukannya Cecair jernih yang terdapat pada Gelemair ruang hadapan mata Anak Rongga yang membenarkan cahaya mata melaluinya (di hadapan kanta mata)
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Bahagian

Bahagian
Kornea Iris
Fungsi
Tingkap lutsinar di hadapan mata Mengawal berapa banyak cahaya memasuki mata dan mengubah bentuk anak mata
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1.7 Cahaya dan Penglihatan

Cahaya merambat dalam garis lurus Nyalaan lilin hanya boleh dilihat melalui lubang jika tiga keping kadbod diletakkan sebaris Bayang-bayang akan terbentuk apabila cahaya merambat dalam garis lurus BI Keluar dihalang olehVersi objek

Pantulan cahaya
Cahaya memantulkan permukaan sesuatu objek Apabila sinar cahaya selari terkena pada permukaan licin * dipantulkan sebagai sinar selari Apabila sinar cahaya selari terkena ppada permukaan kasar * berselerak atau dipantulkan dalam arah yang berlainan Permukaan licin dan bergilap ialah pemantul yang baik Versi BI
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Pantulan daripada permukaan licin membentuk pantulan biasa
Sinar cahaya selari
Pantulan daripada permukaan kasar Sinar pantulan membentuk selari pantulan membaur
Permukaan kasar
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Permukaan licin

Pembiasan cahaya
Berubah arah atau cahaya membengkok apabila ia merambat daripada satu medium ke medium yang lain kerana perbezaan kelajuan cahaya dalam dua medium yang berlainan ketumpatan Memberi gambaran kedalaman dan kedudukan objek yang salah Sinar cahaya merambat laju di dalam udara berbanding air Jika cahaya mengurangkan kelajuannya ababila melalui daripada satu medium ke medium yang lain, ia akan membengkok mendekati garis normal atau sebaliknya Versi BI Keluar

Normal Sinar tuju Sudut biasan Sudut tuju Udara Kaca Mata
Cahaya membengkok sebagai mana ia melalui daripada air kepada udara
Matahari
Cahaya daripada Matahari
Sinar biasan Cahaya membengkok mendekati normal
Normal
Cahaya daripada ikan Kedudukan Cahaya ikan yang Imej ikan membengkok sebenar yang kelihatan menjauhi (cahaya muncul di) normal
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Rabun jauh
Rabun dekat Kecacatan penglihatan
Buta warna
Astigmatisme
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Rabun jauh Tidak dapat melihat objek jauh dengan jelas Kerana kanta mata terlalu tebal atau bebola mata terlalu panjang Dibetulkan dengan menggunakan kanta cekung
Objek jauh Imej tajam terbentuk di hadapan retina
Imej tajam terbentuk pada retina Kanta cekung
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Rabun dekat Tidak dapat melihat objek dekat dengan jelas Kerana kanta mata terlalu nipis atau bebola mata terlalu pendek Dibetulkan menggunakan kanta cembung
Objek dekat Imej tajam terbentuk di belakang retina
Kanta cembung
Imej tajam terbentuk pada retina
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Astigmatisme Disebabkan oleh permukaan kornea yang tidak rata Simptom termasuklah penglihatan kabur dan sakit kepala
Ujian astigmatisme
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Buta warna Ketidakupayaan untuk membezakan di antara warna merah dengan hijau dan biru dengan kuning Disebabkan oleh kecacatan dalam retina
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Had penglihatan
Ilusi optik
Titik buta
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Ilusi optik Kesilapan dalam penganggapan deria Otak tidak dapat mentafsir imej yang terbentuk pada mata dengan tepat
A B
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Titik buta Kawasan kecil dalam mata yang X mana imej yang jatuh pada kawasan ini tidak dapat dilihat Tiada reseptor cahaya padanya
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Penglihatan stereoskopik
Melihat objek dengan kedua-dua mata yang terletak di hadapan kepala Boleh melihat objek tiga dimensi Boleh mengganggar objek jauh dengan tepat
Medan penglihatan mata kanan Penglihatan bertindih Medan penglihatan mata kiri
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Penglihatan monokular
Melihat objek dengan sebelah mata yang terletak di sebelah sisi kepala Tidak boleh melihat objek tiga dimensi Tidak boleh mengganggar objek jauh dengan tepat Mempunyai medan
Medan penglihatan mata kanan
Medan penglihatan mata kiri
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Teleskop Mikroskop
Alat untuk mengatasi had penglihatan Kanta pembesar
Binokular
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1.8 Bunyi dan Pendengaran

Bunyi merambat dalam garis lurus Sifat-sifat bunyi Bunyi boleh diserap atau dipantulkan Bunyi memerlukan medium untuk dipindahkan
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Bunyi dihasilkan oleh getaran

Bunyi memerlukan medium untuk dipindahkan Bunyi boleh dipindahkan melalui pepejal, cecair dan gas Bunyi tidak boleh dipindahkan melalui vakum
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Bunyi boleh diserap atau dipantulkan Pemantul bunyi yang baik : Permukaan keras dan lembut Penyerap bunyi yang baik : Permukaan lembut dan kasar Gema adalah pantulan bunyi Cara untuk mengurangkan gema * Alas lantai dengan karpet * Alas dinding dengan papan lembut atau kain langsing * Alas kerusi dengan kusyen
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Kecacatan pendengaran
Jenis 1 Kerosakan bahagian luar dan tengah telinga Termasuklah tahi telinga tersumbat, gegendang telinga rosak, kecacatan semasa lahir dan jangkitan telinga Jenis 2 Kerosakan bahagian dalam telinga disebabkan oleh jangkitan bakteria, terlalu terdedah kepada bunyi bising dan ketumbuhan Versi BI Keluar Dibetulkan dengan penggunaan alat

Had pendengaran
Manusia normal boleh mengesan bunyi di antara 20 Hz to 20 000 Hz Kita tidak boleh mendengar bunyi yang terlalu perlahan Bunyi yang melebihi 20 000 Hz dipanggil ultrasonik Kecacatan had pendengaran boleh diatasi dengan * Stetoskop
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1.8 bunyi dan Pendengaran

Pendengaran stereofonik
Pendengaran stereofonik ialah pendengaran dengan menggunakan keduadua belah telinga Membolehkan manusia mengenal pasti arah bunyi
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1.9 Rangsangan dan Gerak Balas dalam Tumbuhan

Gerak balas kepada cahaya fototropisme
Gerak balas kepada graviti- geotropisme Tropisme
Gerak balas kepada sentuhan tigmotropisme
Gerak balas kepada air hidrotropisme

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Gerak balas kepada cahaya fototropisme Tumbuhan yang bergerak balas kepada cahaya dipanggil fototropisme Tumbuhan memerlukan cahaya untuk membuat makanan semasa fotosintesis Tumbuhan akan membesar dengan adanya cahaya Cahaya Cahaya
Keputusan menunjukkan pucuk membengkok ke arah cahaya
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Gerak balas kepada graviti -geotropisme Tumbuhan yang bergerak balas kepada graviti dipanggil geotropisme Walaupun anda menanam bijih benih dengan cara yang salah, pucuk benih akan juga membesar menjauhi graviti dan akar akan membesar mendekati graviti
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Gerak balas kepada air -hidrotropisme Tumbuhan yang bergerak balas kepada air dipanggil hidrotropisme Akar akan membesar mendekati air
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Gerak balas kepada sentuhan tigmotropisme Tumbuhan yang bergerak balas kepada tumbuhan dipanggil tigmotropisme Pertumbuhan langsung bahagian tumbuhan terutamanya sulur paut Contoh : Pokok timun sulur paut di sekeliling struktur sokongannya
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Gerak balas nastik
Gerak balas tumbuhan kepada rangsangan yang datang daripada pelbagai arah dipanggil gerak balas nastik Gerak balas ini tidak bergantung kepada arah rangsangan
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BM Version

Chapter 1 : The World through Our Senses

Chapter 1 : The World through Our Senses

Chapter 1 : The World Through Our Senses

1.1 Sensory Organs

Five sensory organs Sense of touch Sense of taste Sense of hearing

1.1 Sensory Organs

1.1 Sensory Organs

1.1 Sensory Organs

1.1 Sensory Organs

1.1 Sensory Organs

1.1 Sensory Organs

1.1 Sensory Organs

1.2 Sense of Touch

1.2 Sense of Touch

1.2 Sense of Touch

1.3 Sense of Smell

1.4 Sense of Taste

Tongue is covered with taste buds

Bitter Sour Salty Sweet

1.5 Sense of Hearing

Semicircular canals Auditory nerve Cochlea

Middle ear Inner ear

1.5 Sense of Hearing

Parts Pinna Ear canal Eardrum

1.5 Sense of Hearing

1.5 Sense of Hearing

1.6 Sense of Sight

Optic nerve Blind spot

1.6 Sense of Sight

Parts Ciliary body Lens

1.6 Sense of Sight

1.6 Sense of Sight

1.6 Sense of Sight

1.7 Light and Sight

1.7 Light and Sight

1.7 Light and Sight

Parallel reflected rays

Reflection from rough surface forms diffused reflection

1.7 Light and Sight

1.7 Light and Sight

Light bends as it passes from water to air

Sun Light from the Sun

Refracted ray light bends towards the normal

1.7 Light and Sight

Defects of vision Colourblindness

1.7 Light and Sight

Sharp image is formed in front of the retina

Sharp image is formed on the retina Concave lens

1.7 Light and Sight

Sharp image is formed on the retina

1.7 Light and Sight

1.7 Light and Sight

1.7 Light and Sight

The blind spot

1.7 Light and Sight

1.7 Light and Sight

1.7 Light and Sight

1.7 Light and Sight

Visual field Visual field of right of left eye eye

1.7 Light and Sight

Devices to overcome the limitations of sight

1.8 Sound and Hearing

Sounds need a medium to travel