Isometric & Orthographic Sketching

Engineering Design
GE121

Drawing and Sketching:

Isometric and Orthographic Projections
Lecture 8A
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Engineering Drawings vs. Sketching

Isometric & Orthographic Sketching

Engineering Drawings
Used as output of the design process to communicate the final design for production Precise lines and arcs, detailed, and almost always to scale

Engineering Sketching
Used at conceptual stage of design Freehand, general shapes and sizes, often just ballpark dimensions, not to a precise scale, but rather simply relative proportions Shading is not used in engineering sketches

We will be primarily sketching

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Orthographic Projections:
Isometric & Orthographic Sketching

Unfolding the Glass Box

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Orthographic Layout of Views

Isometric & Orthographic Sketching

Standard: Top, Front & Right Side

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Sketching - Oblique Representation

Isometric & Orthographic Sketching

GE 121 Engineering Design--2012

Sketching - Isometric Representation

Isometric & Orthographic Sketching

GE 121 Engineering Design--2012

Isometric & Orthographic Sketching

Isometric to Orthographic
Orthographic Views are used extensively in engineering

Often, they must be produced from a 3D object or possibly an existing Isometric drawing or sketch
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Isometric to Orthographic
Isometric & Orthographic Sketching

Hints for Orthographic Sketching

Identify the major features and overall dimensions Use clean, crisp strokes Do not use straightedges or scales when sketching Start by drawing bounding boxes and a miter line, using construction lines Align the views Use light construction lines to locate vertices and edges Only measure dimensions along primary axes Map inclined and oblique faces between all three views Follow the precedence of lines Double check to make sure there are no missing hidden or center lines Darken all visible, hidden and center lines
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Iso to Ortho (cont.)

Isometric & Orthographic Sketching

Block in the 3 views using overall width, height and depth

Front View first, then project height and width using construction lines Make sure depth is the same on Top and Right Views
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Iso to Ortho (cont.)

Isometric & Orthographic Sketching

Lightly block in major features in each view Place circles in views where they look round Begin darkening major features
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Iso to Ortho (cont.)

Isometric & Orthographic Sketching

Construction lines can be used to project location or size of one feature to another view

A miter line can be used to project Depth dimensions

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Iso to Ortho (cont.)

Isometric & Orthographic Sketching

Finish adding all final lines Be sure to add all hidden and center lines Darken all final lines

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Iso to Ortho (cont.)

Isometric & Orthographic Sketching

Completed Sketch with construction lines erased.

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Orthographic to Isometric
Isometric & Orthographic Sketching Orthographic drawings are common in engineering. Visualizing or creating the Isometric View is a critical engineering skill

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Orthographic to Isometric (cont.)

Isometric & Orthographic Sketching

Hints for Isometric Sketching

Identify major features and overall dimensions Use clean, crisp strokes Do not use straightedges or scales when sketching Start by drawing the axes at the front bottom corner Then sketch a bounding box, using construction lines Only measure dimensions along the primary axes Do not directly transfer angles from a multiview to a pictorial
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Orthographic to Isometric (cont.)

Isometric & Orthographic Sketching

Hints for Isometric Sketching (cont.)

Use light construction lines to locate vertices and edges Sketch faces roughly in this order: 1. Normal faces on the perimeter of the bounding box 2. Normal faces in the interior of the bounding box 3. Inclined faces 4. Oblique faces Darken all object lines

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Ortho to Iso
Isometric & Orthographic Sketching

(cont.)

Set up Isometric Axes using 1 vertical line and 2 lines at 30 degrees from horizontal Estimate the overall width height and depth of the object, and sketch the edges of a block that would completely enclose the object

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Ortho to Iso
Isometric & Orthographic Sketching

(cont.)

Sketch the outline of the front face using lines parallel and equal in length to the two previous height and width edges

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Ortho to Iso
Isometric & Orthographic Sketching

(cont.)

Sketch the outlines of the top and side faces using the same basic procedure as used for the front face Begin sketching start/end points of major features
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Ortho to Iso
Isometric & Orthographic Sketching

(cont.)

Begin darkening major features as they are developed Locate start/end points of additional and smaller features

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Ortho to Iso
Isometric & Orthographic Sketching

(cont.)

Locate and sketch start/end points for nonisometric lines such as the angled surface Sketch and darken the non-isometric features

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Ortho to Iso
Isometric & Orthographic Sketching

(cont.)

Completed Isometric Sketch with construction lines erased

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Activity
Isometric & Orthographic Sketching

Sketch an object(s) indicated by your instructor, first in Isometric View, and then in the 3 Standard Orthographic Views (Front, Top and Right Side) If you complete early, attempt the same with a different shape (There are some 3-D objects available in 2C02)

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Isometric & Orthographic Sketching

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Reference Images
Isometric & Orthographic Sketching

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