Udayakumar

M.Tech PED
SMVEC

DUAL CONVERTER:
If two single phase full converters are connected in parallel
and in opposite direction (connected in back to back) across
a common load four quadrant operation is possible. Such a
converter is called as a dual converter

A Dual converter can operate in four quadrants and both
the output voltage & current can be either positive or
negative.


Dual converters are normally used in high power
variable speed drives.

If
1
&
2
are the delay angles of converters 1 & 2
respectively, the corresponding average output voltages
are V
d c
1 & V
d c
2.

The delay angles are controlled such that one converter
operates as a rectifier and the other one converter
operates as an Inverter, but both converters produce the
same average output voltage.
Waveform

Four Quadrant Operation
Non-circulating current mode(NCC)
Operation of NCC
only one converter is switched on at a time
converter 1 is switched ON, average output voltage
across the load, which can be varied by adjusting the
trigger angle
If
1
is less than 90
0
, the converter 1 operates as a
controlled rectifier,V
dc
and I
dc
are both positive so
Power is positive.(Source to Load)
When
1
is >90
0
converter 1 operates as a line
commutated inverter
So O/p V
dc
becomes negative so Power is
negative(Load to Source)

The converter 2 is switched ON after a small delay of
about 10 to 20 mS to allow all the thyristors of
converter 1 to turn OFF completely

2
is < 90
o
so Convt-2 act as Rectifier, V
dc
, I
dc
both are
negative , P
dc
=Positive(source-load)
When
2
is >90
0
converter 2 operates as a line
commutated inverter
So O/p V
dc
becomes Positive so Power is negative(Load
to Source)
The converter 1 is switched ON after a small delay of
about 10 to 20 mS to allow all the thyristors of
converter 2 to turn off completely


ADVANTAGE:
There is no circulating current flowing between the two
converters
No need of the series current limiting inductors
The current rating of thyristors is low in this mode
DISADVANTAGE:
Transfer characteristic becomes non linear.
The control circuit becomes complex and the output
response is slow
output dynamic response is poor
Circulating current mode(CC)
Operation of CC
Both the converters 1 and 2 are switched on and operated
simultaneously
If converter 1 is operated as a rectifier by adjusting
1

between 0 to 90
0
the converter 2 is operated as a line
commutated inverter by increasing its
2
is above 90
0
If
1
is 30
2
is 150 (
2
= -
1
)
Conv-1 feed positive power (Source to Load)
Conv-2 feeds negative power (Load to Source)
mode a current builds up between the two converters
even when the load current falls to zero.
THE AVERAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE
V d c 1 = (2 V m / ) cos 1
V d c 2 = (2 V m / ) cos 2
Since one converter is rectifying & the other one is Inverting, so
that;
V d c 1 = V d c 2
(or) cos 1 = cos 2
cos 1 = cos ( 1)
Therefore; 2 = ( 1)
Since the instantaneous voltages of the two converters are out of
phase, there will be an instantaneous voltage difference and this
will result in circulating current between the two converters . this
circulating current will not flow through the load & is normally
limited by a circulating current Reactor L
ADVANTAGE:
faster reversal of load current
improves the dynamic response of the output
output voltage ,load current can be linearly varied
Transfer characteristic(V
o
/firing angle) is linear and hence
the output response is very fast
The load current is free to flow in either direction,reversal
of the load current can be faster and smoother.
DISADVANTAGE:
Power loss,decrease in efficiency due to series Inductor
limiting series inductors are heavier ,bulkier, So cost and
weight Increases.


Instantaneous Circulating Current value


( )
( )
( )
1
1 2
2
1
. ;
t
r r r O O
r
i v d t v v v
L
e
t o
e
e

(
= = (
(

}

( )
1 1
sin for 2 to
O m
v V t t e t o e =
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 1
2 2
sin . sin .
t t
m
r
r
V
i t d t t d t
L
e e
t o t o
e e e e
e

(
= (
(

} }
( )
( )
( )
( )
1 1
2 2
cos cos
t t
m
r
r
V
i t t
L
e e
t o t o
e e
e

(
= +
(
(

( )
1
2
cos cos
m
r
r
V
i t
L
e o
e
=
The instantaneous value of the circulating current depends
on the delay angle.For trigger angle (delay angle) o
1
= 0, its
magnitude becomes minimum when
and magnitude becomes maximum when

If the peak load current is I
p
, one of the converters that
controls the power flow may carry a peak current of

4
m
p
r
V
I
L e
+ ,
( ) ( ) max max
4
, &
m m
p L r
L r
V V
I I i
R L e
= = =
, 1, 3, 5,.... t n n e t = =
, 0, 2, 4,.... t n n e t = =
Thank You . . .