Ch 1 Introduction to

Algebraic Expressions
1.1 Introduction to Algebra
Algebra
Difference between arithmetic and
algebra?
Specific vs General
Paycheck:
$8.29/hr x 6.5 hr = $53.885
8.29n

Algebra - Operations
Math symbols are the same for both
arithmetic and algebra
+, -, , powers, roots
except multiplication
Algebraic Expressions
Arrangements of numbers and letters and
math operations used to represent a
situation.


12 + x
3
7t
( ) 4 3 y x
Writing Algebraic Expressions
1/8 of a workers salary goes into a mutual
fund.

Writing Algebraic Expressions
17 more DUI arrests than in Crawford
County.

Writing Algebraic Expressions
By the end of the day, my stock portfolio
dropped $235.
Writing Algebraic Expressions
A winning lottery ticket earnings split three
ways.


Words that Signal Operations
Brainstorm!
Words that signal addition:
____________________________________

Words that signal subtraction:
____________________________________
Words that Signal Operations
Brainstorm!
Words that signal multiplication:
____________________________________

Words that signal division:
____________________________________
Practice Writing Expressions
Team up and do problems #31 54 on page 10.
#31 - 38
r + 5
4a
b + 6
7 + L
c 9
d 4
6 + q
11 + z
#39 46
9p
d + c
y x
L 2
x/w
x/y
n m
q - p
#47 - 54
L + h
d + f
9(2m)
p 2w
(x)
1/3(x + y)
.64x
.38y
Evaluate Algebraic Expressions
Evaluate means:
figure out, compute,
Evaluate 9x + 15 when x = 8
Evaluate Each Expression
21)



When the number of hours worked > 40 hrs, use this
formula to determine pay.


Determine the paycheck for an employee who is pay is r =
$8.95/hr and n=4.5 hrs

20 and 15 for
7
= =
+
q p
q p
rn r P 5 . 1 40 + =
Practice Evaluating Expressions
Team up once again and work on #14-24
even on p. 9, then do 26, 29, 30.
#14 24 even
14) 3
16) 10
18) 4
20) 6
22) 3
24) 3
26) 24 hrs
29).368 average
30) 45 sq cm
Equations
Expression:

Equation:
40 w
2 . 11 5= + x
Verification
You can check to see if an equation is true
or not:
14 x 3 = 42

21 3.1 = 18.9

x + 6 = 13
Solutions to Equations
A number that makes an equation true is a
solution to an equation:
x + 6 = 13 7 + 6 = 13 13 = 13
7
7 is a solution to the equation.
Writing Equations to Represent a
Situation
What number plus 47 is 89?
x + 47 = 89
Writing Equations
My weekly paycheck, which was $795 this week,
included overtime. Normally my paycheck is $625
w/out OT. How much overtime money did I make
this week?

Regular Pay + Overtime = Paycheck
$625 + x = $795
Practice Writing Equations
Team up and do problems #63 70 on page
10.
#63 70
63) x + 73 = 201
64) 7x = 1596
65) 42x = 2352
66) x + 345 = 987
67) 64 19 = u or 64 u = 19
68) 25h = 53,400
69) 0.27w = 56,000,000
70) w + 1.8 = 24.5
Homework
Login to your MathXL account and do Ch 1
Section 1 Homework.
Ch 1 Section 2
The Commutative, Associative, and
Distributive Laws
Commutative, Associative, and
Distributive Laws
These laws tell us what is mathematically legal and
what isnt.

These laws allow us to solve equations and
rearrange formulas.

Are these statements equivalent?
10 + 5 and 5 + 10

10 5 and 10 5
Commutative Laws - Defined
Commute = Move

Addition
a + b = b + a

Multiplication
ab = ba
Is there a commutative law of
Division?

Subtraction?
Examples Commutative Law
Use the commutative laws to write an expression
equivalent to each of the following.
a) r + 7
b) 12y
c) 9 + st

Solution
a) r + 7 is equivalent to 7 + r
b) 12y is equivalent to y 12
c) 9 + st is equivalent to st + 9
Associative Laws
Associate: who do you hang-out with?

Associations are created in math with ( )s.
Parentheses indicate priority.
(4 + 8) + 5
12 + 5
17
4 + ( 8 + 5 )
4 + 13
17
Associative Laws - Defined

Addition
a + (b + c) = a + b + c

Multiplication
a-(b-c) = a - b - c
( )
( )
Examples Associative Law
Use the associative laws to write an
expression equivalent to each of the following.
a) t + (4 + y)
b) (12y)z

Solution
a) t + (4 + y) is equivalent to (t + 4) + y
b) (12y)z is equivalent to 12(yz)

Distributive Law - Introduction
4 x 82
4(80 + 2)
4(80) + 4(2)
320 + 8
328



Distributive Law
2 ways to do this: 5(4 + 3)
Example 1 Distributive Law
Multiply: 4(x + 7)

4(x + 7)

4x + 4(7)
4x + 28
Distributive Law - Defined
For any numbers a,b, and c:

a(b + c) = ab + ac
Terms
The plus (+) sign break up an expression
into terms.
15 7 4 + + xy x
x x 3 8 +
Example 2 Distributive Law
Multiply: 7(x + y + 4z)
Example 3 Distributive Law
Multiply: (a + 3)2
Terminology
Given:

12 x 4 = 48

Factors are
2-5
7y
6(x 4)

Factoring Expressions (Factors)
Factoring write an equivalent expression as
a product.
The distributive property in reverse.

5x + 5y

8y + 32w + 8 8 y + 8 4w + 8 1
Practice
Team-up and do the following problems.
Pages 18 and 19
#2, 4, 5, 17, 24, 30, 40, 57, 63, 69, 73, 82, 88
2) associative
4) commutative
5) distributive
17) 5(1 + a)
24) x + y3
30) (x + 2) + y
40) w + (v + 5) and (5 + w) + v
57) 5r + 10 +15t
63) x, xyx, and 19
69) 7(1 + y)
73) 5(x + 2 + 3y)
82) 5 and x
88) (3 a) and (b + c)